Current phase of economic growth in singapore nitin raj

afoot(predicate) mannikin of sparing growth in singapore nitin rajCURRENT PHASE OF ECONOMIC produce IN SINGAPORE NITIN RAJIntroductionThe international scrimping has experienced total changes during last two or so decades. Economic activity is change state not only more internationalised but to a fault meaningfully, it is becoming globalised in a world of complexity, interconnectedness and mobility. Today we live in a rapidly changing and increasing competitive world of globalisation. This report is legal brief analysis close the economic growth of capital of capital of Singapore (republic of Singapore) and stumble of it musical composition recess. Singapore, an island in southern Asia is highly acclaimed global market fri oddityly providence, study contribution of which is manufacturing of electronics. Being one of the busiest ports it is the fourth largest economy foreign supercede centre. This report go awaying play particular attention toEvaluation of true conto ur of economic growth in Singapore.Factors contributing current phase of growth/contraction in economy.Discussion on some methods of managing the economy by the Government. Singapore has successful free market economy with cockeyed market economy with strong service and manufacturing welkins. It has one of the highest per capita crying(a) municipal product in the world. Singapores location on major sea lanes and its sprightly population have made important hub for south-east Asia region. Singapores small population, out-of-door market dep extirpateency and suppliers have pushed it towards economic openness free take and free markets. Effective government policies have been key reason in Singapores historically strong economic performance.Singapores economic growthTo know about gross domestic product, first we have to know that what this term actually is, gross domestic product is gross domestic product, which means, The total value of right-hand(a)s and services produced wit hin a countrys borders during a fixed period, usually one category, obtained by adding the value contributed by each(prenominal) field of the economy .you sight think of it as the size of the economy. developing OF ECONOMY OVER LAST TWENTY course of studyS Figure 1 (Source International mo benefitary fund- 2009 world economic outlook) TABLE 1 YEAR GDP PER CAPITA% CHANGE 198915621.6210.86%199017044.279.11%199118277.457.24%199219308.15.64%199321486.8911.28%199423735.7510.47%199525421.687.10%199626811.785.47%199728585.216.61%199827557.65-3.59%199929738.557.91%200032864.4510.51%200131936.05-2.82%200233478.74.83%200336016.977.58%200440179.4811.56%200543754.298.90%200647444.578.43%200750447.626.33%200851226.031.54%200949433.48-3.50%Singaporean GDP is at a good state as of late. Its per capita GDP is among highest in world. There has been a pixilated stray of growth in last five financial age. GDP in year2003 2.02 % 2004 1.10% 20058.10% 20066.40% 20077.90% 20087.50% The Gross Dom estic Product (GDP) in Singapore reduce at an annual estimate of 2.80% in the last quarter of declination 2009. Singapore Gross Domestic Product is worth 182 billion dollars or 0.29% of the world economy, as per the reports of World Bank.Unemployment arranges The unemployment rank in Singapore was 2.10 percent in celestial latitudeember of 2009.CountryInterest Rate branch RateInflation RateJobless RateCurrent flierExchange RateSingapore 0.02%-2.80%0.20%2.10%83241.4018YearMarJun phratryDec20093.303.303.402.1020081.902.202.302.5020072.802.301.701.70Singapore has enjoyed virtually full employment for long periods of time. In bicycle-built-for-two with the global economic crisis and the economys contraction, unemployment as of end-June 2009 rose to 3.3% and resident unemployment reached 4.6%.The inflation rate in Singapore was 0.20 percent in January of 2010 Country Interest RateGrowth RateInflation RateJobless RateCurrent AccountExchange RateSingapore 0.02%-2.80%0.20%2.10%83241. 4018YearJanMarJunSepDec20100.2020094.302.600.00-0.50-0.5020086.606.707.506.705.502007-0.600.201.703.003.70Business cycle The five stages of the melodic phrase cycle ar growth, peak, recession, trough and recovery. In starting year of Singapores economy, its growing with faster rate and from year 2003 up to 5 years it reaches to peak, and after some years it starts declining and now it is in trough stage, now it should try some impudently methods to grow up, and recover its economic level. Factors contributing current phase of economy are as followsContractionRecession Singapore is the first Asiatic economy to enter in recession.Recession is directly phasing to unemployment, it increased 3% in year 2009.Singapores economy is heavily dependent on export activities and its going down up to 18%International trade is to a fault going down to 3.2%Causes for economic development of SingaporeA beginning(a) reason is increasing demand of electronic products all over the world.The twis ting sector is also careing the economy to grow and survive in the market. It expands its hands up to 16.4%Government strategies and tactics are also compete crucial role in economic development for this south einsteinium Asian country. We open fire conclude that in some sector economy gets into contraction and the main factor which helped in contraction is recession. Due to recession tourism industry make, unemployment increased, and its export also got down. In some sector, bland some growth is there, like demand for electronic products, pharmaceuticals, educational sector all helped Singapore to grow lot. But in current phase Singapore is going in contraction, in almost every sector of economy. Flow of incomeThe terms circular flow of income refer to an economic manikin which explains the reciprocal circulation of income in between producers and consumers. The methods to manage the economy are start-off method is to reduce the unemployment rate as in December 2009 the u nemployment rate is 2.10% and due to high worldwide recession it is continuously increasing. Due to unemployment, tourism sector is being effected, and also the service sector as tribe are jobless. Government is trying to match the perfect level of employment, as in 2010 worlds first youth majestic is going to be held in Singapore, so tourism sector will b get effected by this, Singapore government is opening two large mingy royal casinos to attract tourism, this skunk also help in trim down unemployment. Second method can be price cut, as 60% firms in Singapore are owned by government, so it can cut the prices, by press cutting down its manufacturing cost, the cost has to be reduced in recovery stage, then it can use new techniques which can help in simplification wastage, government should reduce taxes also on some products like medicines, education, tourism sector, communication sector, all this will help to get recover from recession stage.Public sector debt Debt is the to tal meter of specie that a country (or company) owes. In January 2010, there was net acceptation of 4.3 billion, which compares with net borrowing of -5.3 billion (net lending) in January 2009. The PBR forecast for 2009/10 is net borrowing of 178 billion. Public sector net debt, expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), was 59.9 per cent at the end of January 2010 compared with 50.0 per cent at end of January 2009. Net debt was 848.5 billion at the end of January compared with 708.0 billion a year earlier. Public sector deficit famine is in simple words expenditure over revenue, a shoes in which liabilities travel by assets, expenditures exceed income, imports exceed exports, or losses exceed profits. Singapore recorded a general government deficit of S$4054 Million in Jan/10 that is of 14% of GDP as compared to foregoing period S$4017 million .Due to worldwide recession Singapore also has to bear this public sector deficit.Significance of these figuresGovernm ent borrows loan and money for the sake of people only, it want to increase the production by cutting taxes , want to reduce unemployment and start new projects so that people can get jobs. By starting new projects government wants to increase the modular of living of people, and their purchasing power. ConclusionSingaporeone of the four tigers of Asia (others are Honkong, Taiwan and second Korea) has a highly developed and successful open-market economy. Few years cover song it had a GDP higher than that of most developed countries. Its economy acquire by 2006 from the global recession in 2001 but again the GDP of Singapore economy declined and its a prediction by various economic expert it will decrease at a rate of 2.8% in year 2010, but some predictions say just opposite of it as per promises through with(p) by the government it will increase at rate of 3 to 5 percent and according, as far as I canvas about Singapores economy, it is now in a trough stage of business cycle, that is fourth stage, now its time for recovery, the last stage of business cycle, so it has to grow up now, by cutting prices or by reducing unemployment rate. Tourism in Singapore has also a vital role. aft(prenominal) a big loss it has started growing smoothly. Worlds first youth Olympic game is going to be held in Singapore hopefully it will promote the tourism sector. Employment will also groom this year. cardinal casinos are also going to start this year, which can help it in increasing tourism,. The global recession seems to coming at its end so the European countries and United States will soon regain their importing capabilities which will help Singapore to re establish its development back again. Singapore had suffered a lot. Till last year they worked on saving jobs. right away as the market conditions have improved job qualities are interpreted into consideration. Improvement in world business, rise of Singapore manufacturing, export, tourism, government lading has shown good signs and it is believed that this small island will soon achieve its lost growth.

What are the Impact of Brain Injuries?

What argon the Impact of witticism Injuries?What brain Injuries do to plurality and how their humour is affected?The body is a real unique amour. It has so numerous deal off the grounds and so many different actions that it does. The body is make up of some(pre no.inal) corpses. The circulatory system is the bodys transport system. It is do up of different organs that specialize in transporting blood either everyplace the body. The digestive system on the other hand breaks down food into protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats, which al beginning body to repair, grow, and create energy. However, the endocrine system produces horm mavins which argon finally messengers in the body. When youre sick there is a system that helps with getting you break-dance and preventing it. The immune system is our bodys defense system against infections and diseases. there be many more systems that all do coarse things for the body, except I turn over that the most c ardinal system is the skittish system.The offensive system is made up of the top dog, the spinal anesthesia cord, and nerves. It is hands down unrivaled of the most important systems in your body. The offensive system is your bodys control center. It sends, receives, and processes impulses through issue the body. These impulses tell your muscles and organs how and when to respond to certain situations. There are three parts of your anxious system that work together the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system.These three systems indoors the nervous system collect different objectives and checklists that they do. Thecentral nervous system includes the read/write walk and spinal cord. This system sends out impulses and analyzes information, which then tells your contribute about the things you hear, smell, feel, taste and see. Some whitethorn claim that the central nervous system is the most important system in the nervous sy stem, because of the five senses. What most people dont realize is that the autonomic nervous system regulates actions, such as heart beats and digestion. Then you moderate the peripheral nervous system includes the craniospinal nerves that branch off from the intellect and the spinal cord. It carries the impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles. With all these actions it contributes me to believe that the nervous system and even more so the psyche might flummox the most impact on your biography besides your heart.1The beginning of any aces life starts when we are in the whom. No one remembers this because the headway isnt veritable yet. The star begins developing at the fifth week of pregnancy the genius grows at an amazing steady rate during development. At snips during intellect development, 250,000 neurons are added every minute At birth, a souls brain pass on transfer a room almost all the neurons that it will ever eat or take aim. The brain con tinues to grow for a few years after a soul is born. By the age of 2 years old, the brain is about 80% of the adult size.2You may wonder, How does the brain continue to grow, if the brain has most of the neurons it will get when you are born? The answer is in glial cells. glia cells are continually dividing and multiplying. Glia cells carry out important delightctions for formula brain functions, including insulating nerve cells with myelin. The neurons in the brain also make several new connections after birth.The nervous system develops from embryonic create from raw material called the ectoderm. The archetypical sign of the developing nervous system is a neural exfoliation that ass barely be seen on the 16th day of development. everywhere the next few days, a trench is formed in the neural plate. This could create a neural groove. By the 21st day of development, a neural tube is formed. This occurs only(prenominal) when the edges of the neural groove meet. The front pa rt of the neural tubes goes on to develop into the brain and the rest developed into the spinal cord.As babies grow and be hail born the better(p) thing you buttocks do for a kid is put him or her in the outflank milieu to continue to develop the brain. A childs brain develops rapidly during the starting five years of life, especially the first three years. It is a time of rapid cognitive, linguistic, social, activated and motor development. For example, a child learns many haggle starting at around 15-18 months. Rapid language learning continues into the preschool years. The childs brain grows as she or he sees, feels, tastes, smells and hears. Each time the child uses one of the senses, a neural connection is made in the childs brain. New experiences perennial many times help make new connections, which shape the way the child thinks, feels, be imparts and learns now and in the future.3A close relationship amongst a child and a parent is the best way to get the best growt h in a childs brain. When a parent plays with or sings, speaks, reads or tells a story to the child while nurturing him or her. check in some healthy food and love and affection, and the childs brain grows. existence healthy and interacting with parents and living in a safe and clean environment heap make the biggest difference in a childs growth and development. Babies need lots of care and affection in the early stages of a childs life. By holding, cuddling and talking to the child, you stimulate brain growth and promote emotional development. Being kept close to the mother and breastfed on demand post the infant with a sense of emotional security. The baby needs both(prenominal) nutrition and comfort.As childrens brains develop, so do their emotions, which can be very misleading and powerful. Children may become frustrated if they are unable to do something, kind of like anyone and everyone, or cant have something they want. They are very much frightened by strangers or unf amiliar people and places, new situations or the dark. Children whose reactions are laughed at, punished or ignored may grow up shy and unable to express emotions normally. If parents are patient and sympathetic when a child expresses strong emotions, the child is more likely to grow up happy, and feel secure. Boys and girls have the same physical, mental, emotional and social needs. Both have the same capacity for learning. Both have the same need for affection, prudence and approval.Young children can experience excessive stress if they are physically or emotionally punished, are exposed to violence, are neglected or abused, or live in families with mental illness, such as imprint or substance abuse. These stresses interfere with the developing brain and can lead to cognitive, social and emotional delays and behavior problems in childhood and later in life. The best way to raise a kid or developed a kid is putting them in situations to succeed as immature as organism newborn.As kids grow up what is the first thing people usually put their kids into, sports right. Well sports are super fun and great until injuries happen. Everyone worries about their kid getting hurt or hurt. So, how should parents go about sports? What age should we start them? What will happen if they get injured and its blue? Well there are several different ship canal to go about it. The most effective way is to just be careful and trust what you think is right. Everyone is different and some kids are take and matured for sports at age four where as some perchance not until six. This has nothing to do with the fact that who is better and who fits the look of being an athlete. Some kids just dont mature as fast so they are a little weaker and smaller. If this is the case by chance you hold off on sports until six. The worst thing that could happen to anyone is getting a head smirch.There are five main parts of head injuries. Concussion, contusion, coup-countercoup, Diffuse Axonal , penetration are the most super C instances of injuries all of which have different effects bad different injuries that come with them. A Diffuse Axonal damage can be caused by shaking or strong rotation of the head, as with Shaken Baby Syndrome, or by rotational forces, such as with a car accident.4 blemish occurs because the unmoving brain lags behind the front of the skull, causing brain structures to tear. There is extensive tearing of nerve tissue throughout the brain. This can cause brain chemicals to be released, causing special injury. The tearing of the nerve tissue disrupts the brains regular communication and chemical processes. This rumpus in the brain can produce temporary or ageless widespread brain damage, coma, or death. A person with a flabby axonal injury could present a variety of functional impairments depending on where the shearing (tears) occurred in the brain.A lash is the most common injury that people think of. Its the most common head injury in sports. A concussion can be caused by shoot blows to the head, gunfire wounds, violent shaking of the head, or force from a whiplash type injury. Both closed and open head injuries can produce a concussion. A concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury. A concussion is caused when the brain receives trauma from an impact or a sudden momentum or movement trade. The blood vessels in the brain may stretch and cranial nerves may be damaged. A person may or may not experience a brief spill of consciousness (not exceeding 20 minutes). A person may remain conscious, but feel dazed. A concussion may or may not show up on a diagnostic imaging test, such as a CAT scan. Skull fracture, brain eject, or swelling may or may not be present. Therefore, concussion is sometimes defined by exclusion and is considered a interlacing neurobehavioral syndrome.5A concussion can cause diffuse axonal type injury emergenceing in permanent or temporary damage. 6It may take a few months to a few years for a concussion to heal. A contusion can be the result of a direct impact to the head. A contusion is a bruise or bleeding on the brain. Large contusions may need to be surgically removed. Coup-Countercoup injury describes contusions that are both at the site of the impact and on the stark(a) mated side of the brain. This occurs when the force impacting the head is not only great enough to cause a contusion at the site of impact, but also is able to move the brain and cause it to slam into the opposite side of the skull, which causes the additional contusion. Both of these can be pretty traumatic. keen injuries to the brain occurs from the impact of a bullet, knife or other bully object that forces hair, skin, bone and fragments from the object into the brain. Objects traveling at a low rate of speed through the skull and brain can ricochet within the skull, which widens the area of damage. A through-and-through injury occurs if an object enters the skull, goes t hrough the brain, and exits the skull. Through-and-through traumatic brain injuries include the effects of penetration injuries, plus additional shearing, stretching and jailbreak of brain tissue. The devastating traumatic brain injuries caused by bullet wounds result in a 91% firearm-related death rate overall. Fire arm are the private largest cause of death from traumatic brain injury. These types of injuries are very common unfortunately in todays world. These injuries and how these injuries occur usually lead to death unawares after.7The most common way that these injuries happen is from careless actions from you or someone else. In another sense people do not continuously do anything but get these injuries. Sometimes just playing a sport you love, like soccer or football or maybe even hockey. Sports are probably the number one activity that can get you hurt. Especially, the brain. There are so many different sports that impact the head or even contact that could rattle the head. All it takes is one hit to the head or one fall or one ball that hits your head to give you an injury.The top ten sports/activities that get head injuries are Cycling( 85,389) Football (46,948) Baseball and Softball( 38,394) Basketball( 34,692) pee Sports such as, Diving, Scuba Diving, Surfing, Swimming, Water Polo, Water Skiing, Water Tubing( 28,716) Powered Recreational Vehicles which include ,ATVs, Dune Buggies, Go-Carts, mini bikes, Off-road( 26,606) Soccer( 24,184). Skateboards/Scooters (23,114) Fitness/Exercise/wellness Club (18,012) Winter Sports like Skiing, Sledding, Snowboarding, And Snowmobiling (16,948). With all these sports all of them are very active and fun but come with a lot of risks. 8All sports injuries or injuries in general have different severity. Just like all injuries so do brain injuries. The most common known home plate to determine the severity is The Glasgow stupor Scale (GCS). GCS it is a scoring system used to describe the train of conscious ness in a person following a traumatic brain injury. Basically, it is used to help gauge the severity of an acute brain injury. The test is simple, reliable, and correlates well with outcome following severe brain injury. This system works like this The GCS measures the following functionsEye Opening (E)4 = voluntary3 = to voice2 = to pain1 = none communicative Response (V)5 = normal conversation4 = disoriented conversation3 = words, but not coherent2 = no words, only sounds1 = noneMotor Response (M)6 = normal5 = localized to pain4 = withdraws to pain3 = decorticate place (an abnormal posture that can include rigidity, clenched fists, legs held straight out, and arms bent inward toward the body with the wrists and fingers bend and held on the chest)2 = diminish (an abnormal posture that can include rigidity, arms and legs held straight out, toes pointed downward, head and neck arched backwards)1 = none9Clinicians use this scale to rate the best eye opening resolution, the best v erbal response, and the best motor response an individual makes. The final GCS score or grade is the sum of these numbers. This scale leads to three categories Severe (GCS 3-8, you cannot score lower than a 3.) Moderate (GCS 9-12) and round the bend traumatic brain injuries( GCS 13-15).Mild traumatic brain injury occurs when a loss of consciousness is very brief, usually a few seconds or minutes. However, a loss of consciousness does not have to occur-the person may be just dazed or confused. You can also have testing or scans done of the brain and they may appear normal. A flabby traumatic brain injury is diagnosed only when there is a change in the mental status at the time of injury-the person is dazed, confused, or loses consciousness. The change in mental status indicates that the persons brain functioning has been altered, this is called a concussion.1Eisenberg, John M. Rehabilitation for Traumatic top dog imperfection Summary. Rockville, MD U.S.Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health burster polity and Research, 1998.2 Vay, David Le and Elise Cuschieri. Challenges in the Theory and Practice of Play Therapy. London Routledge, 2016.3 Vay, David Le and Elise Cuschieri. Challenges in the Theory and Practice of Play Therapy. London Routledge, 2016.4 nigh headland Injury. About Brain Injury BIAA. Accessed December 08, 2016. http//www.biausa.org/about-brain-injury.htm.5 About Brain Injury. About Brain Injury BIAA. Accessed December 08, 2016. http//www.biausa.org/about-brain-injury.htm.6 Graham, Robert, Frederick P. Rivara, Morgan A. Ford and Carol Mason Spicer. Sports-related Concussions in Youth ameliorate the Science, Changing the Culture. Washington, D.C. National Academies Press, 2014.7 The American Association of neurological Surgeons. Traumatic Brain Injury. Accessed December 08, 2016. http//www.aans.org/ patient tuition/Conditions and Treatments/Traumatic Brain Injury.aspx.8 The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Traumatic Brain Injury. Accessed December 08, 2016. http//www.aans.org/Patient Information/Conditions and Treatments/Traumatic Brain Injury.aspx.9 The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Traumatic Brain Injury. Accessed December 08, 2016. http//www.aans.org/Patient Information/Conditions and Treatments/Traumatic Brain Injury.aspx elementarySecondaryBooksEisenberg, John M. Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury Summary. Rockville, MD U.S.Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1998.Graham, Robert, Frederick P. Rivara, Morgan A. Ford and Carol Mason Spicer. Sports-related Concussions in Youth Improving the Science, Changing the Culture. Washington, D.C. National Academies Press, 2014.Pargman, David. Psychological Bases of Sport Injuries. Morgantown, WV Fitness Information Technology, 1993.Vay, David Le and Elise Cuschieri. Challenges in the Theory and Practice of Play Therapy. London Routledge, 2016.Zasler, Nathan D., Douglas I. Katz and Ross D. Zafonte. Brain Injury Medicine Principles and Practice. New York Demos, 2007.WebsiteAbout Brain Injury. About Brain Injury BIAA. Accessed December 08, 2016.http//www.biausa.org/about-brain-injury.htm.Concussions Brain Injuries Symptoms, Tests, Treatment. EMedicineHealth.http//www.emedicinehealth.com/slideshow_pictures_concussions_brain_injuries/article_em.htm.( Accessed November 18, 2016.)Severe Brain Injury. SpringerReference. inside10.1007/springerreference_183092. FinishThe American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Traumatic Brain Injury. Accessed December 08, 2016. http//www.aans.org/Patient Information/Conditions and Treatments/Traumatic Brain Injury.aspx.Traumatic Brain Injury. Traumatic Brain Injury Mayo Clinic. Accessed November 18, 2016. http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/basics/definition/CON-20029302.Understanding TBI Part 1 What Happens to the Brain during Injury a nd the Early Stages of Recovery from TBI? What Happens During Injury And In Early Stages Of Recovery. (Accessed November 18, 2016. )http//www.msktc.org/tbi/factsheets/Understanding-TBI/What-Happens-During-Injury-And-In-Early-Stages-Of-Recovery.ArticlesChmielnicki, Eva. Brain Bouncing Back after Brain Injury. Nature Medicine 18, no. 5 (2012) 670. doi10.1038/nm.2783.Schmutz, Jrg. Brain Injury and Spinal stack Injury. Handbook on Hyperbaric Medicine 585-90. doi10.1007/1-4020-4448-8_34.Secondary Brain Injury. SpringerReference. doi10.1007/springerreference_183091.Severe Brain Injury. SpringerReference. doi10.1007/springerreference_183092.Sports and Brain Injury. AccessScience. doi10.1036/1097-8542.yb140815.

Companies That Use Flexitime And The Benefits Experience Management Essay

Companies That Use Flexitime And The Benefits Experience Management EssayThere ar galore(postnominal) challenges today within the field of studyplace facing human resources instruction and how people argon managed. The business climate has been turbulent such(prenominal) as the global recession, competition in pricing as rise as laws concerning employment strengthening the case for new initiatives to be enforced. As a result, the human resources management team turn in provided a booklet on issues concerning the benefits and drawbacks of four give a vogue subject areas such as the graduate judgment focus ons, absenteeism through a punitive forward motion, performance relate represent and flexitime as a flexible functional option. This volition to a fault include facts and figures unfortunateustrating the splendour of each natural elevationic as well as defining advert areas in order for MW Associates to make a decision ab unwrap how to mint locoweeddy with these HR issues when they pee their new leisure operation.What is compromising actionings? fictile functional whoremonger be and has been defined in commixture of distinguishable ways. For example tally to CIPD Factsheet (2010) flexible working is described as working locations in the midst of the employee and their employer in marges of working time and working patterns.Flexible working has also been defined as the ability a beau monde can employ people when and where required in the interest of everyone Pettinger (2002, p5).FlexitimeFlexitime working administration is an arrangement that allows employees to need the start and finish times they worry to work, according to the given parameters. The working arrangement of flexitime being twirled to employees began in the mid-seventies and was somely common in the public area according to IRS (2007). harmonize the IRS survey of 2007 on flexitime and other working arrangements, validations where men make up 60% of the w orkforce are much more(prenominal) than likely to finish offer their employees flexitime arrangements to those with either with other genders.It is suggested that in order for a flexitime arrangement to work it will rely on the advancedwill and trust, as well as good supervise and good management (XpertHR professional, 2005).Companies that use flexitime and the Benefits experienceBTBritish Telecommunications (BT) is one of UK most k nowadaysn and recognised brand, and is also known for providing merchandise and services in over 170countries worldwide (BT, 2010). BT is also one of the UK leading companies in providing employees the options of flexible working arrangements such as flexitime.A embrace by the Family friendly Working Hour Taskforce of 2009 found out that BT storage of their employees improved with the percentage(over the last five yrs)of its UK female employees returning to work aft(prenominal) taking maternity leave reached 90.99%, saving the conjunction 5m illion a twelvemonth in recruitments and inductions (Family Friendly Working Hour Taskforce, 2009).metropolis Sightseeing GlasgowCity Sightseeing Glasgow is another corporation that found the benefits of providing their workforce flexitime as a form of working arrangement, twice a yr in the pass and winter season. The imitative was originally for older employee who necessitateed to reduce or change their working pattern, thus far due to the success of the initiative the company expand it to the entire workforce. The company saw absenteeism levels drop, re decenniumtion rate step-up to 90-95% and expand their recruitment market among students and women want to return to work (Family Friendly Working Hour Taskforce, 2009).LillyUKA Human Resource Management global Digest article (2005) highlighted that LillyUK one of the worlds largest research-based pharmaceutical companies, has been making flexible working arrangements available to their employee since 1996. The article revea ls that one of the working arrangements that Lilly offers to their employees is flexitime, and since the introduction of the arrangement the company had noticed they were able to attract more high-caliber recruits by 30%. early(a) forms of Flexible Working ArrangementsThe graph below illustrates the finding of IRS survey (2010) of the forms of flexible working arrangements, and their popularity with organisations.The Graph above shows the forms of flexible working arrangement that companies offered in 2009 and as shown part time working was the preferred method of arrangement with 93%, and with flexitime with 54%.Pros and Cons of Flexible workingArrangementsCONSPROSocial factors are sources of disadvantage, working suffering from isolation and not feeling part of an organisation. derriere (2005.p183).Workers on flexible arrives tend to be more emotionally engaged, more satisfied with their work, more likely to speak positively about their organisation and less likely to quit. (CIP D,2010)A flexible workforce is leadener to manage and inflict higher administrative cost in areas such as recruitment. Hendry(1995.p401)Provides a pool of staff that can be called upon to work at in brief circuit notice. (IRS, 2009)The company whitethorn have difficulty of maintaining staff get upment and upgrading skills. (Businesslink, 2010)Enables employees to pass on a better work-life balance.(CIPD,2010)The Potential Drawbacks and Challenges presented should MW Associates choose to implement Flexible Working ArrangementIn order for MW Associates to implement flexible working arrangement such as flexitime within their organisation they would have to overcome the challenges that would be presented to them, this could come in the form of line managers being reluctant to turn out flexible working arrangement.Flexible working arrangements may have extend to communications between line managers and employees, so it would important for MW Associates ensure that they establish a clear process for how flexible working works inthe organisation. CIPD, 2010Performance Related Pay- The Benefits and Challenges accord to Foot and Hook (2008) performance relate pay is a name that is closely linked with relationship between an individuals pay progressions to his or her level of competence. It seeks to be a tool for motivation.This pay aim is now popular in galore(postnominal) organisations since being introduced in the 1980s, according to MW Gilman (1998) the average proportion of employees covered by an organisations IPRP scheme to be in the range of 70%- 80%, suggesting that this is the most beneficial way to abridge people to work to their best. Though, the CIPD recent give back management report (2009) again records the popularity of individual based bonuses and incentive plans at 61% as the highest way to requite its employees.Companies/ Sectors that use PRP and the Benefits experiencedChelsea Football Club- Supervisors are boost to reward staff who wo rk portentously well and go the bare(a) mile each game with a star, this is an extra 15.00 on top of the basic pay. This is very beneficial for the company as almost employees will perform better than others in order to get the extra reward, thus the company will get the best output possible out of their employees.Staffs do what is asked of them when asked to do so.People are only working hard because they know in that location is a possibility of a reward, not because they want to or is required as part of the job.The ProsThe ConsThe reward will cue some staff to work harder.Supervisors can be bias without realising and the reward to friends or the same people.If the same people are getting the reward consistently, the organisation will recognise this and it will give them an idea of who to promote.Although you get an extra 15.00, for those who get taxed it doesnt make much of a difference as it is taken in tax.(Primary Research, Samantha Koranteng, 2010)NHS Consultants- clin ical Excellence AwardsThe ACCEA (Advisory Committee on Clinical Excellence Awards) give Clinical Excellence Awards to recognise and reward the exceptional contribution of NHS Consultants who work over and above that normally expected in the job to the values and goals of the NHS and to patients care.The ConsThe ProsThe committee offers 3 bands, Bronze, Silver and Gold this is good because it makes it more accessible and highlights a good range that consultants can reach, in effect it makes it fairer.The fact that you have to apply for it suggests that its not an automatic recognition, the pertinacious process and stages may deter qualified candidates from applying.Consultants can apply for the scheme on their own behalf so the scheme can have a large volume of applicants.(Department of Health, 2010) topical anaesthetic Education Authorities-TeachersIn teaching there are pay scales that are dependent on performance, provided performance is able the teachers pay will go up a grade, once on the highest grade through recommendation they can move up to a higher grade.Teachers may become too target orientated and barricade that there job is to educate.This can identify teachers that are unsatisfactory and discipline can be provided to make them to the standardThe ProsThe Cons(Christine Blower, acting NUT command secretary. May 2008)The Potential Drawbacks and Challenges presented should MW Associates choose to implement such HR ApproachesMW Associates should exhaust a policy whereby employees know they have security of their earnings and a contract that states there is a minimum level or finalize back rate, this will not be difficult to do however MW Associates need to highlight how much employees will gain after they have exceeded the standard or basic level of work asked for.The organisation also needs to clearly devise a method of analysis that can fairly and ethically distinguish between the better performances of one employee to another. rather they cou ld introduce a bonus scheme where the incentives are non monetary, they could offer long time off work, paid holidays or organised staff social gatherings.Managing absence seizure seizure seizure through a punitive approach is this good and what are the alternatives?absence seizure can be seen as a problem to many organisations with short term absence being largely unprepared compared to long term absence. Although, many organisations use appraisals with regards to performance management in helping employees develop and learn more about the business in order to foreclose absenteeism. According to NSW Nurses Association (2010), absenteeism can be defined as when an employee is incessantly or continuously failing to attend work as scheduled, in particular, when their absence forms a pattern which suggests that the employee is dissatisfied with their work or that their absence could have been avoided. Absenteeism can be also considered grounds for dismissal according to Redgold fish, (2010). It is important to manage absence because of the loss of money concerning indirect costs such as the replacement of staff, loss of labour and production as well as costs to the business regarding its reputation. These are just some of the factors in why management of absence is important.Forms of unawares -Term Long term AbsenceShort- term AbsenceLong term AbsenceAccording to (Travel Trade Recruitment, 2009) being more and more persistent time off workAccording to (Visual Human Resources 2009) definition long term complaint absence here is any absence lasting more than ten consecutive days.Unauthorised absence for any reasonConsultation with the employeeLatenessAn judgment of alternative employment being offered (e.g. reduction hrs, home based unhealthiness / injuryMedical investigation into bluenessFacts Figures / Costs of absenceShort term absence is harder to manage because it is largely unplanned. There are many factors involved concerning absence this can b e seen as health problems such as smoking, heart disease or a good darkness out unable to get up to attend work the succeeding(prenominal) day. Factors such as stress or the responsibility of bringing up children as well transportation far away from your place of work can be seen as absence related. The psychological contract (Guest, 2002) is related to absence for example, this can be seen as a psychological contract which may be imprinted inside the employees or employers head rather than an demonstrable contract. For example, the employee could punish the employer by not attending work because they are hard-pressed with the organisation. In any case managing absence is an important factor now as sickness absence costs UK employers 11.6 billion a socio-economic class according to People Management (2010).Many organisations lose much capital of the United States having to replace staff, loss of labour and production, poor customer service, as well low morale and bad reputatio n. However, (CIPD, 2009) review short-term absence shows that many companies are implementing return-to-work interviews (83% of organisations), followed by trigger systems to review attendance (74%), and the provision of sickness absence information to line managers (73%) and the use of disciplinary procedures (73%). Another key way to manage absence is through accurate measurement and monitoring so that the organisations can make an assessment to tackle any problems they may have. However, the Bradford factor is like a calculator and has helped reduce absenteeism by 20% such as creating triggers whereby action is taken. The average number of days absent per employee, per year is 6.5 days with average cost of absence each employee per year is 754.00 (Bradford factor, 2010).Punitive approachThe punitive approach in dealing with absence is about teaching employees discipline. This can be seen as lateness, authorized absence and behaviour. It is like having a parent to nurture the empl oyee and to learn respect, compassion as well as taking responsibility. This can be seen as the acerb approach such as reduced pay through absence by using discipline. Other factors such as performance feedback can be use, corrective actions and effective communication.PROSCONSClear about what is expected some opportunities for progressionCan identify when someone needs help ineffectual managementSupport employees make the work interestingMonotonous jobsThe Council / Local BoroughsPolicies are more generous with regards to absence compared to the private sector. Although most absence is short term there is criticism for the high level of sick leave from council staff. The procedure of conducting back to work interviews has now been implemented across the board (Nutt, 2009).DVLAThis can be seen again in the public sector with many taking duvet days those feeling hung over or unable to case a days work. However, a punitive approach is taken concerning the official term for this for m of leave, then deducted from the employees holiday entitlement (Watts, 2007).TescoAs a private organisation as big as this seen as one of Britains biggest retailer they have introduced no pay for the first tercet days off sick, not to penalise people being ill but to discourage those taking the odd day (Ryle, 2004).The Potential Drawbacks and Challenges presented should MW Associates choose to implementIn order to manage absence it can be suggested that MW associates implement the encouragement of team work which will lead to more commitment within the working environment working as a team. To make the tasks more interesting as well as grooming and good management control procedures with the odd reward for attendance.What is a receive Assessment Centres?According to Colman (2010) Assessment Centers is defined as a variety of tribulationing techniques designed to allow candidates to demonstrate, under standardized conditions, the skills and abilities that are most essential for success in a given job(Coleman, 2010, p.3).The assessment meaning approach involves using a battery or range of filling tolls that simulate the relevant attributes, skills and competencies required in the job. (Peter et al, 2004, p.95).Type of Activities used inAssessment internalitysThere are many types of activities are being used in assessment centres depending on the company. But the core ones which are primarily used include In-basket exercises, leaderless group discussion, role-playing, behavioural interview. (George Scott, 2010, p.204).The IRS survey (2009/10) place assessment centre is the most effective selection method.In the year 2010 almost 75% of graduate recruiters rate assessment centres as their wiz most effective selection method. The use of assessment centre rises from 52.7% to 95.2%. (IRS survey,2010)How effective are your organizations assessment centres in identifying the best candidate(s) for a position? very effective47Fairly effective48Fairly unable4 Very ineffective(source IRS survey)Reliability ValidityThe key issues in an assessment centre are the reliability and hardship as homogeneous test are administered to the same person on two evidence occasions the results could be very similar unless something has changed the individual. The reliability of assessment centre is much greater than single interview. (Peter et al, 2004, p.95).Validity that shows the extent to which the test is providing effective information related to the job. There are five types of validity face validity predictive validity, concurrent validity, construct validity, content validity. (Peter et al, 2004, p.95).The table ululate suggests that assessment centres are the most effective method of selection, predicting effectively how a candidate is likely to perform in a job draw close 70 per cent of the time.( Derek et al, 2009. P.94)The table of selection method and predictive validitySelection MethodPredictive ValidityUsage (%)*Assessment centre0.6 847Structured interviews0.6288Work samples0.5580Ability test0.5472Personality questionnaires0.3856Unstructured interviews0.3192

Jones Electrical Distribution Electric Suppliers Finance Essay

Jones electric Distri unlession Electric Suppliers Finance EssayIntroductionJones galvanising Distribution is an galvanizing association which has predicted that gross revenue for the confederation go out(a) increase. However, over the years the company has experienced some difficulties in its cash race and decided that in order to keep the company in operation, it was unambiguous that additional financing would be necessitate in the form of a feed. However, the loan limit for espousal could not have exceeded $250,000.00. This amount was the maximum limit their local bank, metropolitan would ply to any company. It must be pointed out that from the inception of Jones electrical, metropolitan depone was the moreover pecuniary supplier occasiond by the company. In light of the foregoing, Jones had to seek alternative monetary assistance from another bank southern coin bank and Trust. The doctrine striving offered Jones Electrical a loan would be in the amount o f $350,000.00, $100,000.00 often than what Metropolitan would have offered. Jones Electrical admit to decide which loan result be more beneficial, less risky and the least expensive for the company. They needed to consider the proposition of receiving the loan from Southern stick Trust as opposed to re master(prenominal)ing with Metropolitan Bank. Another issue arising from the case is the bearing in which Jones Electrical did its trading operations. He had over 100 suppliers from which he assign inventory, and he paid his accounts within the 10-day period in order to win from a 2% trade discount. The industry being large, fragmented and exceedingly competitive, Jones Electrical had to decide whether they needed to restructure their companys operation and expand uniform and alike what financial decision that had to be made for the continued operations of the Company. Jones Electrical would have much limitations with respect to borrowing from Southern Bank and Trust such as additional investments in fixed assets could only be made with prior approval of the bank, function of the credit striving would have a limit of $350,000 of Accounts Receiv adequate and 50% of Inventory and also, in that location get out be limitations on withdrawals of funds from the line of work by Jones. Should Jones suffer the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, his relationship with Metropolitan Bank volition have to be ordain no longer. (Piper and DeVolder, n.d). A number of factors would be discussed later on in this case which include the financial projections of Jones Electrical. In addition, Jones financial statements give be analyzed and we will also take care at the sustainability growth for this minute company. The cash flow of Jones Electrical will also be addressed in this case.Problems face by Jones Electrical DistributionJones Electrical needs to decide whether or not it will accept the offer of the loan from Southern Bank and Trust or from the Metrop olitan Bank. The company needs to maintain its sales, needs to expand, satisfy its liabilities but would need funding in order to do so.Some main problems identified in the caseJones bought Dave Verdent, his former business partner out for $250,000. 00. His quittance plan was a $2000.00 per month with 8% hobby per annum. The pursuit rate he is compensable is relatively high and this implicates it will take Jones over ten years to re stomach this loan with an interest payment in excess of $200,000.00 in interest only. Therefore Jones will have to pay approximately $458,400.42 in interest and principal. This occurred because of a radioactive dust Jones had with his partner Dave Verdent over the aggressive growth of the business, which has coiffe the company in financial debt because Jones has to repay Verdent in full for buying out the company.From the financial information provided in the Balance Sheet of Jones Electrical Distribution it shows that in that respect was an inc rease in accounts receivables, inventory, property and equipment. This increase would permit an increase also in liabilities and equity to be able to finance the aforementioned assets. On the other hand, the balance sheet also shows in increase in accounts payable, line of credit payable and accrued expenses. The above increases would therefore pattern financial assistance from the Bank for the expansion of the business.Another issue is that Jones Electrical had to resort to approaching the bank to see a loan for his company in order that his business would grow profitably, to develop with respect to opening other locations and to survive on a highly competitive market.Jones needed to make a decision whether he should receive a loan from Metropolitan Bank or from Southern Bank and Trust. If Jones decide to go with Southern Bank and Trust, there will be implications which were mentioned earlier (additional investments in fixed assets could only be made with prior approval of the b ank, consumption of the credit line would have a limit of $350,000 of Accounts Receivable and 50% of Inventory and also, there will be limitations on withdrawals of funds from the business by Jones. Should Jones accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, his relationship with Metropolitan Bank will no longer be. He needed to conjure his options between the two banks.Competition in the market Jones Electrical was faced with a lot of competition from national distributors, home centers and other small supply house. The industry was a real large and fragmented one, and in spite of the competition, Jones Electrical was able to increase its sales however, Jones was still in a position where he needed to inject some cash into the business.Solutions or RecommendationsJones should accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, since he will be receiving more funding. The funding from Southern Bank and Trust was more that what the company would have received from Metropolitan Bank. Alth ough, the requirements of Southern Bank and Trust Bank seem to be rigid, the more monies that he receives can however be used in the firms expansion as well as paying off some of the companys liabilities. As a result, Jones will be accommodateed more flexibility in the operations of the business. He will then be able to increase his assets in the form of inventory and capital, which in spring up will result in his business being in a better position to finance its operations. In addition, Jones Electrical will be able to benefit from the trade discounts which are offered by his suppliers because this arrangement would allow him to pay his creditors.With respect to the early payment discount of only 2%, it is advisable that the Company, continue to credit its supplies and make alternative arrangements with respect of repayment to its suppliers. The company needs cash and the discount of the 2% does not put the company in a better financial position. It is always alpha to inject eq uity so that your company will be able to increase its assets, which will eventually lead to an increase in sales and revenue.Another issue is that with respect to the proposed growth of the company, Jones had predicted forecasting in sales to increase significantly therefore the urgent need for a very large cash flow into the company would help significantly.Evaluate solutionsProsConsShould Jones Electrical decide to accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, it will receive funds to be able manage and expand its operations and pay off his debt.A loan is a liability and this will mean the firm will have another expense to pay at the end of every month.Benefits from trade discounts offered by his suppliers. He can use this opportunity to get discounts from his suppliers.Trade discounts can have a prejudicious impact in that if Jones does not stay within the time fig in paying for his goods.With the increase in bank borrowing, this can contribute to a number of aspects. One main aspect is the increase in sales, which in turn will result in increase revenue. amplification in bank borrowing can result in a decrease in cash flow. As stated earlier, Southern Bank and Trust has limitations in borrowing money from them.ConclusionWith respect to the mixed financial data presented in this case, Jones Electrical forecasts predicted that its sales would increase with plausive prospects and at the same time the company was in dire need of a significant cash inflow. It is however advisable that Jones Electrical accepts the offer made by Southern Bank and Trust despite the specific restrictions that would be placed on the Company. This offer would provide for long call financing of the company and as a result the limitations with respect to borrowing would eventually be removed, thus enabling the Company to utilize the credit line specifically if it foresees forecast would be favorable.The credit line offered by Southern Bank and Trust would be significantly more th an what Metropolitan would ever offer. Eventually, this budding financial relationship between Jones Electrical and Southern Bank and Trust would enable Jones Electrical to even borrow much more than what they would have been offered initially. Jones now will be able to be more flexible with its business decisions with respect to expansion.

Strategies for Vicarious Trauma

Strategies for Vicarious detrimentFrances RouletVicarious wound and Compassion FatigueProfessional Quality of Life, ProQOL 5.The ProQOL 5 was an easy and short-timed instrument to respond to. Based on the chemical reactions and personal scores the results were given as followsCompassion Satisfaction 47 HighBurnout 15 LowSecondary Trauma Stress 19 LowThe obtained scores in this instrument revealed that in the subscale of Compassion Satisfaction indicated a 47 score, which agent that at that place is a game level of contentment in deriving pleasure of being able to do my work, and perceive high level of pleasure in helping others through my work.In the Burnout sub-scale indicated a 15 score, which means there is a low level of elements of t destroyerness fatigue associated with feelings of hopelessness and difficulties in dealing with work or doing effectively my job.On the other hand, the subscale of Secondary Traumatic Stress scored 19 points, which means there is a low p ossibility of perplexing worrys due to the moving picture to others extreme or injurytic eventidets is low, therefore, there is no real secondary exposure symptoms interference.Two areas to prevent and avoid secondary trauma.Although, the overall results of this instrument indicated a very good handle of my professional quality of life, there is two areas where I believe there should be preventive measure to avoid developing and suffering from secondary trauma. And, even though, these subscales are under control, they are exposed and goat create a mayor problem to me if they are unattended. These areas are burnout and blessing satisfaction. I selected compassion satisfaction be make out if the environment where I work is non adequate or not supportive (referring to the administrative system) or if the lack of personal or professional satisfaction provokes feelings of restlessness or not being copious then I begin to feel bored. There is no awareness in working in a plac e where there is no meaning or being productive, therefore, there is not satisfaction in working. Then, I begin to have an internal struggle where I end up feeling negative effects, such as, hopelessness and difficulties in dealing with the lack of internal motivation and performing my job effectively. If there is no challenge and space for growth. The feeling that your effort is worth nothing or makes no difference it would push me to the limits.Justification of two strategies to avoid vicarious trauma.According to Bride, Radey Figley (2007) in their investigation indicated that there is a high prevalence level of trauma exposure within the oecumenic population, social workers brushwood high level of professional contact with traumatized clients. In their investigation the general population indicated that a lifetime prevalence of exposure to traumatic events was determine from a 40 share to an 81 per centum. Moreover, the clients from outpatient mental health describe wit hin their information history of exposure to traumatic events, and these were from an 82 percent to a 94 percent along with a 31 percent to a 42 percent classifying with criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Bride, Radey Figley, 2007). According to Bride, Radey Figley (2007) and their findings clinicians should be spending more time in getting involved in leisure, self-care among other activities, such as spirituality activities, in order to farm quality of life. Indeed, the need of disengagement strategies becomes one of the most important strategies in order to proceed in a positive manner (Figley, 1995). For example, picture the boundaries in your work environment, setting up rituals, such as utilizing unison and humor or using motivational breaks during the day. Utilizing self-statements, such as, it is not my problem or responsibilities, tomorrow will be another day, among others (Gerding, 2012). Furthermore, using strategies to urinate a sense of productiveness an d achievement, in which the clinician sets-up achievable standards goals, trust colleagues assessments, gross profit margin setbacks and make self-statements, such as under the circumstances I did my outdo or I can only do so much. Subsequently, you can also use the strategies for health and show reduction, in which we can lead adequate rest and relaxation, eat healthy and exercise (Figley, 1995). Last entirely not least of the strategies, you may build a sense of satisfaction by reviewing life and asking yourself where am I now, where do I start and where will I end my career. part of desensitization of trauma, may be apply in order to come apart access memory (Figley, 1995).Controlled empathy influence the development of vicarious trauma.The vicarious trauma syndrome can be developed by anyone in the helping field. It characterizes by a set of symptoms that uses controlled empathy while being exposed to listening or seeing traumatic events. Izzo Carpell-Miller (2009) disc ussed in their article the importance of controlled empathy, these researchers explained that controlled empathy is being used as an instrument to empower awareness around and its the neurologic litigate that contributes to the syndrome of vicarious trauma. For example, when a person is listening to a traumatic event, the reason and the body can be observed that it is not calm, they testify non-verbal communication. The person listening is absorbing all type of shocking communication, nevertheless, their response is constrained and directed to aid the person who is in pain and suffering.Although, there are two types of empathy, known as controlled empathy and automatic empathy, they are not the same because they have different neurological summons in the top dog. Controlled empathy process is simply automatic empathy interrupted, that affects the professionals physiological, cognitions, emotions and spiritual health (Hodges Wegner, 1997 Izzo Carpell-Miller, 2009). The brain pattern perceive by an activation of the visual cortex, as the listener hears the traumatic events he/she begins to visualize the events as if they are actual protagonists of the event (Hodges Wegner, 1997 Izzo Carpell-Miller, 2009). The process occurring in the brain at the present time is that the right hemisphere of the brain activates mirrors neurons, which automatically flow routing itself to the left side of the brain, but other brain chemicals hold them back. This process occurs internally and manifests in the behaviors of the professionals, when she/he remains calm, feeble and collected in front of the client.Basically therapeutic empathy may develop a paradox, because the client wished to be understood, seen and accepted. Strategically controlling the attention of the client becomes essential within treatment process.But, constant controlled empathy can also be hurtful provoking a counterintuitive for each and one of us. When a healer recognizes that empathy hurts, the clients has been observed how their conflicts has affected them in all aspects, and also how these stick around to play throughout the therapeutic relationship and the clients life. one time the therapist empathy seems to be compromised and getting in the way of treatment progress, therefore, therapist affective attunement begins to play a role in the present relationship. The therapist must recognize a disruption in the interpersonal process between the client and therapist, and addressing what has happened. The main therapeutic idea here is to dislodge the therapeutic conversation from whatever issue was being addressed to steering on the immediate experience of engagement with the therapist. Otherwise, this disengagement can cause interpersonal disruption and trauma.ReferencesBride, B., Radey, M. Figley, C. (2007). Measuring compassion fatigue. clinical Social ca-ca Journal, 35(3) 155163.Figley, C. R. (1995). Compassion fatigue Coping with secondary traumatic stress disord er in those who treat the traumatized. New York Brunner/Mazel.Gerding, A. (2012). Prevention of Vicarious Trauma Are coping strategies enough? Master of Social Work Clinical Research. http//sophia.stkate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027context=msw_papers .Izzo, E. Carpell-Miller, V. (2009). Vicarious trauma The impact of controlled empathy. http//www.selfgrowth.com/print/588454.Hodges, S. Wegner, D. (1997). Automatic and controlled empathy. In Ickes, W. J. Empathic accuracy. Pp. 311-339. New York Guilford.

Aphra Behn and the Changing Perspectives on Ian Watt’s The Rise of the

Aphra Behn and the Changing Perspectives on Ian tungstens The Rise of the saucyIan Watts The Rise of the Novel (1957) remains unity of the virtually influential texts in the study of the English story. However, an increasingly strong guinea pig for a revision of both the work itself and the discourse it personifies has been gradually edifice over the past twenty years. While the initial stages of, first, feminist and, later, bunk colonial perspectives may have sought only to insert marginalised texts into the quick literary discourse, their long term ramifications ar obliging a wider psychoanalysis of how we approach the English novel and the manner in which we link it to its meet culture. Its exploration reveals the methods with which we trace our histories, what we choose to include and exclude the positions from which we do so. A key to the structure of this discourse lies in the critical fortunes of Aphra Behn, from her feminist rediscovery in the early eighties, thro ugh the post colonial informed revisions of the early nineties, and into the wage hike push for the redefinition of literary history. The complications that have surrounded her indicate the merits and failures of the study of the novel, providing avenues for the growing of the discourse as a whole. In approaching such issues one will invariably need to begin with Ian Watt. David Blewett claims that The Rise of the Novel casts a shadow so long that general studies of the early novel are still written in its shade (p.141). Its central realization that the novels rise has long been a defining feature of the youthful world (Carnochan, p.184) seems to remain largely unchallenged. On similar terms Michael Seidal argues that Watts greater contribution remains his ... ...t American Novel Aphra Behns Oroonoko Nineteenth-Century Fiction v38 n4 (1984) 384414.Todd, Janet, Behns Fiction and the Restoration Letter Eighteenth-Century Fiction v12 n2-3 (2000) 391416., The secluded Life of Aphra Behn (London Andre Deutsch, 1996).Warner, William B, Licensing Entertainment The Elevation of Novel Reading In Britain, 16841750 (Berkeley, University of calcium Press, 1998). , Staging Readers Reading Eighteenth-Century Fiction v12 n23 (2000) 391416.Watt, Ian, The Rise of the Novel Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding (London Chatto and Windus, 1957).Woolf, Virginia, A Room of Ones Own (1929 rpt, trinity/Panther Books Frogmore, 1977).Wyrick, Laura, Facing up to the Other Race and Ethics in Levinas and Behn Eighteenth Century Theory and Interpretation v40 i3 (1999) 206220.

hamburgers and ground beef :: essays research papers

Hamburgers and Ground kickEach individual in America has a goal he or she wants to accomplish. Whether its to purchase a new car or a huge home, its a goal wanted to be reached. However with the amount of fast forage that Americans eat today, they will take aim a hard time accomplishing these goals because of the obesity or even disease theyll have from the fast food. One major fast food that we the likes of to eat while on the go is hamburgers. If its breakfast we ginger snap a burger, if its lunch we grab a burger and even when its dinner we will grab a burger and might throw in some fires and a huge soda to go with it. Hamburgers are star of the leading causes of obesity and disease catching food.In the Bio Analogics article it st consumes that close two-thirds of residents of United St takes are overweight, and since 1991 the incidence of obesity has risen from 12 per centum to more than 25 percent. This is due to the amount of junk food and burgers, we ate daily. To see if I am also one of these fast food consuming eaters, I composed a diary of what I eat daily and I discovered that within my weekly schedule, thats mingled with school and work- I eat hamburgers at least three clock a week. I ate these burgers not just from one place, I ate them from four different places. The first one I ate was at In-and-Out. The second one was at Fuddruckers. The fourth day I had one in McDonalds and on the sixth day in which my friends and I went to Applebees after work and I still had the nerve to identify a hamburger even when there were other items on the menu. Hamburgers summate from farming holler out, which in reality if you consume a couple of hamburgers per month, it wint harm you, but it states in ConsumerReports.org, Americans show their affection for ground beef and burgers by consuming approximately 30 pounds of ground beef per person per year. Ground beefs saturated fat can contribute to rawness disease, and the bacteria it sometimes harbor s can sicken or kill soulfulness who eats beef that is not cooked thoroughly. With this information available to Americans daily, we still do consume the ground beef and even have the nerve to certify ourselves and our friends that we plan to cut back on it any day now.

The History and Rise of Christianity Essay -- Religious Persecution, r

instauration deliverymanianity is the largest religion in the world with over 2.1 billion followers. Thats 33% of all the deal in the world. No other religion fucking compare to it. Other religions like Judaism and Sikhism have less than 1% of the people in the world as followers. Christianity was started around 1 A.D. when Jesus Christ of Nazareth was born, although he didnt start preaching until he was 10 or 11 years old. His teachings werent accepted as a give in religion until around 313 A.D. by the papist emperor, Constantine. Most Jews pulled out of the Roman religion to study Judean law and wait the coming of the Messiah that they were promised in the Old Testament of the bible (Christian scripture). This particular religion was accepted because there were too many cults, mysteries and philosophies about the way of life. Christianity also accepted (and lock accepts) any believer, from workers, to slaves, even ex-criminals and women.Christian belief is based on the rhym e of John 316. For God so loved the world, that he gave his but begotten son, that who ever believes in him sh...

Using Gopher to Navigate the Internet :: Internet World Wide Web WWW Protocol Gopher

GOPHERThe Latest and Greatest on the lucre.In April 1991, gauffering iron was developed at the University at Minnesota Micro estimator, Workstation and Networks Center. It was created to help users fins answers to their computer questions. (Nickerson, 53) It didnt take long for this utility to replace the existing campuswide cultivation systems (CWIS) at the university AND to grow superstar of the hottest net income resources available. (Hahn, 429)Why is ground squirrel so frightful?This utility lets the land up user easily locate entropy apply keywords and phrases. In a few short years this has become the near widely utilize lookuping tool on the Internet. (Levin, 60) The yearbook product rate for goffer traffic is 997% (Fun Facts, 50) Up until recently, this Internet protocol had been mainly used by the government and academics. But it has caught on and is being used for business and leisure purposes. If one is interested in the in vogue(p) NFL scores, schedule s and raze spreads, they can easily access this learning at news show and Weather. line of business administrators can learn much about total tone of voice perplexity (TQM) by visiting (Maxwell, 299 and 670)What is striped squirrel?The official definition of Gopher helps to beg off what this utility is, The Internet Gopher uses a simple lymph node/ waiter protocol that can be used to publish and search for information held on a distributed internet of hosts. Gopher clients have a broadloom view of the information in the Gopher world stock-still though the information is distributed over many different hosts. Clients can aviate through and through a hierarchy of directories and documents calling cards or ask an major power boniface to invert a list of documents that contain one or more words. Because the index does full-text searches, every word in every document is a keyword.(Milewski, 41) employ the client/ master of ceremonies architecture is advantageous becau se the two connecting machines posit to legislate with one another for a very short time. The server shuts peck the connection once it has sent out the file to the client. (Notess, 101)Gopher is an inviting Internet search tool because it allows the user to traverse the network with one simple interface. Via Gopher, the neophyte can access more thorny Internet protocols, such as telnet, FTP, and email, in a seamless fashion. The end user can effortlessly select an FTP site from a menu and not have to remember the cumbersome FTP syntax or lengthy addresses.Accessing GopherTo access Gopher you need Internet access. To start, telephone dial into an Internet-connected computer and type in gopher at the systems prompt.Using Gopher to Navigate the Internet Internet World Wide Web vane Protocol GopherGOPHERThe Latest and Greatest on the Internet.In April 1991, Gopher was developed at the University at Minnesota Microcomputer, Workstation and Networks Center. It was created to help users fins answers to their computer questions. (Nickerson, 53) It didnt take long for this utility to replace the existing campuswide information systems (CWIS) at the university AND to become one of the hottest Internet resources available. (Hahn, 429)Why is Gopher so Grand?This utility lets the end user easily locate information using keywords and phrases. In a few short years this has become themost widely used searching tool on the Internet. (Levin, 60) The annual growth rate for Gopher traffic is 997% (Fun Facts, 50) Up until recently, this Internet protocol had been mainly used by the government and academics. But it has caught on and is being used for business and leisure purposes. If one is interested in the latest NFL scores, schedules and point spreads, they can easily access this information at News and Weather. Business administrators can learn more about total quality management (TQM) by visiting (Maxwell, 299 and 670)What is Gopher?The official definition of Gopher h elps to explain what this utility is, The Internet Gopher uses a simple client/server protocol that can be used to publish and search for information held on a distributed network of hosts. Gopher clients have a seamless view of the information in the Gopher world even though the information is distributed over many different hosts. Clients can navigate through a hierarchy of directories and documents menus or ask an index server to return a list of documents that contain one or more words. Because the index does full-text searches, every word in every document is a keyword.(Milewski, 41) Using the client/server architecture is advantageous because the two connecting machines need to communicate with one another for a very short time. The server shuts down the connection once it has sent out the file to the client. (Notess, 101)Gopher is an attractive Internet search tool because it allows the user to traverse the network with one simple interface. Via Gopher, the neophyte can acce ss more difficult Internet protocols, such as telnet, FTP, and email, in a seamless fashion. The end user can effortlessly select an FTP site from a menu and not have to remember the cumbersome FTP syntax or lengthy addresses.Accessing GopherTo access Gopher you need Internet access. To start, dial into an Internet-connected computer and type in gopher at the systems prompt.

families Essay -- essays research papers

The importance of families has been espoused by all since the inception of modern times. Considered by most to be the backbone of America, it is how we socially and culturally indoctrinate our manifestation so they are able to become a functional ingredient of society. A lack of a full family is often cited as the moderateness that children end up as criminals or delinquents. The notion of family being the provenience of problems is not even something most people could find feasible, which is what makes Barbara Ehrenreichts turn up Are Families Dangerous? seem a bit out in left field to most readers. But upon closer inspection and locution into ones own family life, and the lives of those around them, Ehrenreichts essay begins to make a covey more sense. It is because of my understanding of values within our culture and my own personal experience with my family that I believe Ehrenreichts essay on family is all told true in the ideas that it expresses.Most of us choose only t o think of fond memories of our young person when we speak about how great family life is, though the reality of things is that few of us have a perfect youth with our family and it is often peppered with emotional and physical harm. Ehrenreicht hits the nail on the head when she negotiation about the plight of the wife, many of their problems come not from outside of the house, merely within. Turn to any daytime TV show to see the scream and emotional pain that family members cause, whether it be from physical or emotional abuse....

Essay --

umpteen countries suffered from the bully Depression during the 1930s. The join States was one of the valety. During this decade approximately thirteen to fifteen million Americans were unemployed. Considering the number of men that were unemployed, women had to look in ludicrous places for jobs to sustain themselves, and often their families during difficult times. It was accustomed that men would be the ones providing for the family, only if during this time women had to step up and make too. The few jobs that were available during the not bad(p) Depression were given to men because many required a mans strength therefore women had to look for jobs elsewhere. The economic downfall of the Great Depression forced some women into harlotry. Money and jobs were scarce in the United States during this time. Prostitution rates change magnitude drastically during the depression that women were willing to work for little money. Prices on prostitutes varied depending on the womans ethnicity. sensation establishment, for instance, charged twenty-five cents for sex with Mexican women, fifty cents for African American or Asian women, and seventy-five cents to a dollar for white or European immigrant women (Wild 729). Ethnic differences affected the value of a prostitute. The white prostitutes knew their expense and considered themselves better than the prostitutes of color. This can be considered as white privilege which is an usefulness a white person has over a non-white person. This also shows that prostitution was common amongst women of many ethnicities, due to the desperate need of money. Another statistic states that, in the 1930s, one in five American men lost his virginity to a prostitute (Weir and Laurier). Considering the high unemp... ...The Great Depression brought worries and sorrows to some concourse in the United States. With so many individuals unemployed, women felt forced to obtain a job they did not want. Few prostitutes did it for pleasure however many did it as a necessity. Prostitutes were willing to work for very low prices just to receive money during the depression. Consequently, prostitution rates increased in the 1930s. Proliferation in prostitution occurred all over the United States. The increase in prostitution increased the number of brothels as well. A successful brothel was Polly Adler. The increase in prostitution also affected the way women were viewed by others. Many people were quick to judge prostitutes and forget they were exposed to many dangers. The only tenability many women joined prostitution was because of the economic hardships during the 1930s.

Themes of Prejudice and Tolerance in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay

The book To Kill a Mockingbird by harper Lee is a Pulitzer Prize winning novel. It is set in the 1930s, a time when racism was very prominent. Harper Lee emphasizes the themes of prejudice and margin in her novel through the use of her characters and their interactions within the Maycomb community. The narrator of the story, spotter, comes across many people and situations with prejudice and tolerance, as her father defends a grim man.Racial prejudice is widespread in the county of Maycomb, and a prime moral is the tomcat Robinson case. tom, a black man, was accused of raping Mayella, a white woman. genus genus Atticus puts forward each(prenominal) evidence from his witnesses that clearly proves Tom was innocent, Jem even says, ?and we?re gonna win Scout. I don?t see how we can?t? (pg 206), however Tom still received a ?Guilty? verdict. Atticus tried removing the prejudiced thoughts of the jurors by saying, the assumption - the evil assumption - that all Negroes lie, that al l Negroes are basically immoral beings. (pg 208). Atticus? saying insinuated the token that all of God?s children were created equal. To the jury, the completely important thing was that Tom was black and the accuser was white, he never stood a chance under those conditions. These racial tensions between blacks and whites had made their way into the courtroom, a place where everyone should receive a fair trial no matter what race or colour, but an unjust verdict was reached. The prejudice that was felt towards Tom made him drop away all hope of freedom, and as a result, he died upon an escape attempt. Tom was victim of racial prejudice and loss of hope.The novel non only explores racial prejudice, but also prejudice against gender and social status. Maudie is a victim of prejudice agains... ... situation from their perspective, and in this case, Atticus reveals Mrs Dubose being a morphine addict. She wanted to die without having to rely on the drug and her escapades were what i t easier. Jem and Scout understood the situation and learnt the importance of tolerance.The themes of prejudice and tolerance are conveyed potently through the characters and their dilemmas. Jem and Scout learn of the prejudice of the town Maycomb to Atticus fend for a black man, Tom Robinson. However, Miss Maudie, Calpurnia and several others show that not everyone in Maycomb are so judgemental. Jem and Scout also learn how to bridge player with situations sensibly from their father, they learn how to be tolerant. Thus, the novel?s characters demonstrate both(prenominal) prejudice and tolerance.Works CitedLee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York City, NY J.B.Lippincott Company, 2008.

Wedding Speech for a Maid of Honor or Best Woman :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding computer address for a Maid of Honor or Best WomanFor those of you who dont do me.....Im Misty.....Marthas friend of 17 years and her maid of honor. Martha, I just need you to know how honored I am to stand by your typeface on this special daytime. And can I just say how scenic and happy you look right now? Gosh you would deliberate it was your wedding day or something Martha and I met at James Rutter Middle School in the 7th grade. She was the new student.......the quiet student. Or so everyone thought. Whenever we got unneurotic it was non-stop laughter, but whenever we were around other population it was a different story. Im incontest able when most of you first met Martha you probably thought she didnt akin you or that she had an carriage problem because of the way she looked at you when you spoke to her....you know---that whatever look. In school, people use to ask me if she was deaf. I would say, No, believe me, shes hilarious They would look at me like, Yea h right. It was kind of like that Warner Brothers frog that would only sing in front of his owner but around everyone else he would just get there and ribbit. As far as I could remember, since weve been growing up, weve had carve up of good times and memories together. It seems like it was just yesterday that we were spending substantial weekends at each others houses, staying up all night getting carpal bone tunnel trying to win concert tickets on the radio. Whenever I think back to all the good times weve had, I can forever and a day picture myself laughing so hard, holding my stomach, trying to keep the disunite from falling. Actually, wasnt that just yesterday? We started out inseparable and as we grew up sadly the weekend long sleepovers became fewer and fewer but nevertheless we smooth call each other and see each other whenever were able to steal a few moments between those grown up responsibilities like work and relationships. Even though were all grown up, some thing s never change. We still crack each other up and still experience our secret language that only the two of us can actualize like Woodchuck to Grey Squirrel......come in Grey Squirrel or nduh. And tied(p) though I willing always cherish the memories weve made and will make, it is time for us to create new ones.

John Calvins contribution to the church :: essays research papers

canful Calvin     "We must bring forward that Satan has his miracles, too."- privy Calvin.1 Mr. John Calvin was the leading French Protestant Reformer and the some important figure in the second generation of the Protestant Reformation.2 He was a contributing catholic.We see why and how he was suck a good religious man by his backround, biography, and contributions to Christianity. He created a occasion called "Calvinism"3 which helped form Christianity. His life was certainly a remarkable one.     John Calvins life started on July Tenth, 1509 in Noyon, in picardy, France.4 He was born of 2 middle class parents. His father was a lay administrator in service of the local bishop.5 So, in Calvins early years he was immediatly unfastened to Catholicism. His native town was an old cathedral city whose bishop was its ruler and was at the same time one of the twelve Peers of France.6 Calvins mother died very currently in Calvin s life, non much is known about her except she had a great reputation for piety.7 Calvins life started off with a lot of piety surrounding him. In the years that Calvin was alive there were many govermental factors effecting his childishness as well. At the time of his birth until 1525, the throne of Noyon was occupied by Charles de Hangest who belonged to the nobility of the neighbourhood.8 A lot of his family members were involved in Catholicism, such connections were not without effect upon young Calvin.     Growing up John Calvin was not an provided child. His father married a young bourgeois, dungareene Lefranc, who bore him four sons, Charles, Jean (John), Antoine and Francois. They also had two daughters, Marie and another whose name is unknown.9 Francois died at an early age, Charles became a priest and died excommunicated in 1537.10 Marie and Antoine followed the reformer to Geneua, where Antoine assisted his brother in his literary work.11 Clavins father had great amibitions for his sons and especially for Jean, also known as John. John Calvins father pressured his to study Law but in 1531 his father died plentiful Calvin the freedom to resume his religious studies.

Information Technology Essay -- essays research papers

Information applied science is a rapidly developing part of todays society. It affects everyones life in many an(prenominal) aspects. Every human evidence is influenced by learning technology and the increasing rate at which what it outho office perform includes. One area of human endeavor that information technology has greatly influenced is the practice of care for, specifically vet medicine. Not only has vet medicine been influenced by information technology, it has also been enhanced by it. The percentage point to which the practice of veterinary medicine includes information technology is observable at the Animal Emergency Clinic of Central bleak York on Erie Blvd. in Syracuse, New York.Section I veterinary medicine.Doctors of veterinary medicine are the mountain who engage in the human endeavor of practicing veterinary medicine. The activities that are include in this endeavor are the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of animal complaints. The go around way t o handle a disease is to prevent acquiring it altogether. To chance upon this animals are given the available vaccinations for the most likely diseases they would get jibe to what type of animal they are and where they live. Unfortunately not every disease has a vaccination and not every animal has the opportunity to capture the available vaccinations. When an animal gets sick it is the duty of the veterinarian to determine the cause of the sickness and the best possible course of treatment for it. Veterinarians nonplus many other responsibilities as well. These range from, but are not confine to, treating wounded animals and spaying or neutering them to preventing the spread of diseases from animals to humans by means of agriculture.The first school of veterinary medicine was in France. It opened in 1761. Veterinary medicine schools started to open in the United States of America during the well-mannered war. (www.encyclopedia.com)To become a doctor of veterinary medicine, D VM, one must get laid veterinary school. To get accepted into a school of veterinary medicine, a student has to meet the requirements of that particular vet school. Most of the requirements can be satisfied through and through undergraduate course work. The hard part is to corroborate done a better job at meeting these requirements than the contestation has. As an undergraduate, the student must demonstrate not only academic excellence and dedication to service and helping others, ... ... WWII. (www.encyclopedia.com) The use of certain information technologies in the field of human medicine are sure to have an influence in the practice of veterinary medicine. Antibiotics are another modeling of veterinary technology influencing human medicine. It is expected that advances in human medicine will affect veterinary medicine. The use of information technology to modify surgeons to perform surgery off site is sure to carry everywhere to veterinary medicine. This will have a great affect on the way doctors perform in this field.To prepare oneself for success in veterinary medicine all of the required graduate and undergraduate courses must be completed. However, the best preparation for success is exposure to the field. In order to be completely ready for the practice of veterinary medicine knowing how to use the relevant information technologies is a necessity. The best way to accomplish this is through additional courses or observation. According to Tamela, a licensed veterinary technician who working at the AEC of CNY, watching another vet. at work, and seeing how he/she uses the technology to his/her advantage is an invaluable way to prepare for success in this field."

Essay --

Critical Lens Essay lavatory Steinbeck once stated, It is the responsibility of the writer to expose our many grievous faults and failures and to behave up to the light our dark and dangerous dreams, for the purpose of improvement. In others words, community should expose the many flaws and failures that every human has. By revealing them and devising it eye-catching, that person can recognize that flaw and work to improve their flaws and failures. The journalistic novel Random Family by Adriene Nicole LeBlanc and the non-fiction novel Friday Night Lights by H.G. Bissinger two reveal that true mental and emotional freedom is dependent on finding a solution for your defects and deficiency. The literary elements used to prove this bring up was conflict and irony.The novel Friday Night Lights by H.G Bissinger illustrates how a persons failures can deeply affect others negatively. For example, the conflict was a person to person---fight amid two people because Charlie is angry with his son Don for failing to build the football during a game or practice. Charlie expresses how he feels by interr...

File Sharing Essay -- essays research papers

FILE SHARINGEthical Debate with Todays engineering science(INTRO)You may have illegal content on your computer set now File share has become a very heavy(p) issue today in society even though it has existed for decades. It has been the young advances in our technology that has made it main stream and in the eyeball of the general public. File sharing today tests the limits of technology along with our ethical motive making it a fuzzy grey bea.     When discussing shoot down sharings effect on society, first you should have a brief understanding about the terminology, technology, and methods that are used. File sharing in its simplest form is "anything that allows the swapping of files (audio, graphic, animation, etc) between users across a network." The breakdown of file sharing can be lumped into two basic categories, physical and realistic.     Since the invention of the cassette tape, back in 1962 (about.com), people have been transferring data. Friends would imitate a tape they borrowed or purchased from another friend and the chain was neer ending. When the camcorders started to get smaller and more affordable movies would be bootlegged from the theater and sold.      engine room today has changed immensely but lock in we find ourselves in the akin habits of sharing. Friends can now burn CDs in spite of appearance 5 minutes and DVDs within an hour. The one thing that has changed is the ability to protect the media utilize encryption keys, water marks, and other Digital Rights Management (DRM) that prevents the media from being copied. The overall effect from this is the medium person is left with the headache of not being able to do what they essential with their own media, while the pirateer continues to hack and bypass security measures.      The biggest contributor to file sharing these days is through software using virtual media. Before with t he virtual media, the only way you could get something was if someone you knew had it. forthwith with the power of the web a user can find what they want from anyone around the world. The internet is probably the most basic form using websites and emails. One of the earliest forms of sharing came from Internet Chat Relay (IRC) which is still used today. IRCs initial use was for chat but users realized files could be stored on the servers hostin... ...iles come from other US computers. A legal schema that focuses mostly on the US is unlikely to change the supply of harmony files. Previous studies have relied on Surveys to assess the effect of the file sharing on the music cut-rate sales. This is problematic because it is impossible to know if survey participants truthfully respond to questions about an illegal activity. This study is unique in that it uses data from file sharing servers, where the authors directly observed 1.75 million downloads during 17 weeks in the fall of 200 2. Using statistical methods, they can then test if the sale of an album declines more strongly if that album is downloaded more often.(CONCLUSION)     So, even with the pros/cons, right of first publication laws, ethics, and particulars is file sharing an illegal crime, and one that deserves the heavy penalties as those adept crimes? Is it unethical to give a friend a copy of a favorite CD as a gift? To give something of yourself? Is file sharing an illegal infringement in the rights of the creator of those rights? Artist hasnt loss money in CD sales due to file-sharing. The fact is that file sharing has increased sales of CD due to its popularity.

media Essay -- essays research papers

The media as a whole plays a major part in ones life. Media messages screwing be presented in many shipway from reading newspapers to watching news on television from the comfort of your take in home. However, the most important factors are how the news is retrieved and portrayed by an soulfulness or a group of individuals as each individual has the in good order to accept what they believe not what they are manipulated to believe or to accept. in that location are various issues that can be looked at to conclude whether or not thither is such involvement as free, un slashed media, to pose this topic it is too broad to study itself so it will be broken down and researched in sm completely parts. Bias in dissimilar context will be analysed and shown how it is interpreted. Theorists will be researched such as Rupert Murdoch and Noam Chomsky taking his views into consideration as well as elaborating on them. The progression taken to tackle this area of study will show square away evidence of where the information has been taken from as this will enable the endorser to make their own judgment as to whether there is such subject as free, un prejudiceed media. Can it be argued that there is such thing as a free, unbiased media?Bias is based around media organisations make up of journalists and news producers presenting feature stories and the selection of which stories to cover with an uneven viewpoint, these particular stories may refer to accusations of either censorship or propagandism. Individuals perceiving various media messages can receive these in different contexts such as socially, ethically, economically and governmentally. on that point are different categories of bias that can be looked upon when presenting media messages to individuals such as ethnic bias which includes nationalism and regionalism, corporate bias involving advertising and political campaigns, social bias that contains overall bias of reporting to favour the office clas s, political bias regarding the split in political slant and paleness about manufacturing or distort news as a stringently commercial product. Temporal bias is known when media are biased toward the immediate, when media organisations locate to take up a story that is happening immediately. News has to be new and fresh, this news has to be ever changing even when there is a small amount of news to cover. There are different forms of bias such as status quo bias, narrative bias, fairnes... ...close look at the records shows Murdoch has imparted his far right agenda throughout his media empire (Center for American Progress). An pillow slip of being bias would be that Murdoch is blamed for presenting partisan media coverage for political groups that publicise policies and conclusions to draw attention to his commercial benefit showing that media bias is involved from the beginning, middle or end and is often encouraged by politicians to persuade him favourably to cover their camp aigns. An additional example of the contradiction of the speculation of unbiased media would be that of Venezuela and Chavez. In this instance a democratically pick out president was over thrown from his position by the media industry (the Venezuela ground forces and influences from the U.S). The effect Rupert Murdoch has had on the media industry is substantial, setting up an empire that is always growing. This clearly shows who the media is owned by and how much power they posses, this can place on what is presented to the public from a single point rather than all angles of a specific story and through not one author of media but several forms of media even though some maybe bias and contain propaganda.