European enlightenment

The Enlightenment The Enlightenment was an 18th century European quick movement in which ideas concerning God, background, nature, and man were combined into a humanness view that instigated revolutionary developments in graphics, philosophy, and politics. Although there ar more separate stages to this period, it has been termed the Enlightenment for simplicity. The Enlightenment was characterized by the use of reason and rational thought. The goals of rational man were considered to be knowledge, freedom, and happiness. Three critically important factors to this movement were: a revulsion against monarchical exponent and clerical absolutism; a new freedom of produce and rise of a new public and secular coating; impact of the scientific revolution, particularly with Isaac Newtons book, Principia (1867).

        When Principia was published, censorship or immurement for ideas disliked by the church was still common. By 1750, thorough measures were rare anywhere north of the Alps or in the American colonies. Scholars in Italy began to study the works of the ancient Greeks and Romans, and the ideals of education, art and intellect again appeared in society. Innovation began to permeate Europe, as humans discovered better ways to print books, subdue communications over distance, and cure diseases more reliably. Mankind started toilsome to deduce the laws of the universe.



Englands neighbor, France, erupted into the disorder of the French Revolution, killing their own king and harshly swinging from an absolute dictatorship to a substructure republic.

Representative of the Enlightenment are much(prenominal) thinkers as Voltaire, J.J. Rosseau, Montesquieu, raptus Smith, Swift, Hume, Kant, G.E. Lessing, Beccaria, and, in America, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin. Enlightened oppressors such as Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, Catherine II of Russia, and Frederick II of Prussia enforced the social and political ideals they presented. Diderots Encyclopédie and the U.S. Constitution are representative documents of the Age of...

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