Culture of Caution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

assimilation of Caution - Essay Exampleects of the acculturation they were raised in to illustrate the various ways in which the Caribbean culture has grown up as a culture of circumspection, although not necessarily a culture of inaction.One reason for this insecurity is derived from the origins of the islands peoples. Their slave origin automatically introduces a strong element of caution in that no one was able to make their own decisions, driven to work hard on the grueling process of raising sugar cane and extracting the sugar with circumstantial to no distinction make between male and female workers. All were expected to work their share and then some. Survival was little more than an accident of chance, forcing many a(prenominal) to plan two or three steps ahead in terms of taking care of their families or helping their fellow workers. It was this tendency to pool together their resources as a means of hedging against the uncertainty of the future that started the slaves o f the islands on the path to revolution.Slave revolts, at number one brought on by the extreme conditions and the great majority of slaves to plantation owners present in the islands, eventually brought many new freedoms and opportunities to the slave class, but were insufficient to provide a stable future. Partially driven by the British tendency to select some few promising individuals from among the black population to act as intermediaries, minor functionaries and educators, the subsequent rights and freedoms that were won continued to support the drive for yet further revolts and revolutions as a means of gaining even greater freedoms.Yet these freedoms, such as education, remained available for only a nonage of West Indians, as is evidenced in the fact that Colin Powells mother, educated at a mellowed school level, was part of only 2 percent of the population that had attained such high levels of pedantic training. Although Mrs. Powells education was higher than the educati onal levels achieved by many black Americans at the time, this is no

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 55

Journal - Essay ExampleHe then says he can name countries that can consume the whole nation without regardless of the preservation (Lynch n.d.).He uses allusion to front England due to its proximity. His allusion directly hits the English for misusing Ireland. He, however, does not spare his wrath to Ireland. In the course of his literature, he presents variant alternative solutions that it can use to solve its problems. He puts that none of his suggestions was put into practice. In his literature, he stresses on the extent and number of Irelands social problems, neglect, and indifference that the citizens had to encounter (Lynch n.d.).Swift uses an adopted persona to raillery the people who recommend economic and political solutions to Ireland without considering the human cost that will be involved. With an overwhelming irony, he demonstrates the inhumanity of patterns meant to alleviate the sufferings from the poor. Absurd principles form the basis of the schemes (Lynch

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis - Essay instanceAll organisms that be doing photosynthesis help all reinforcement organisms who depend on them for food and oxygen. In the chemic reactions in photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water combine with the help of sun lighten to produce glucose (C6H1206 ). The chemical equation of this chemical reaction is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light = C6H12O6 + 6O2. Carbon dioxide is absorbed and oxygen is released. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of photosynthesizers. There are two stages pickings place in photosynthesis. These stages are the light dependent reaction or light cycle and the light independent cycle or calvin cycle. The main function of photosynthesis is to produce food and capture heftiness. There are also processes intricate in photosynthesis. These are the production of constitutional carbon, glucose and starch, form in complete carbon, carbon dioxide, with the exercising of adenosine triphosphate and NADPH produced in th e light dependent reaction. This process can be seen in plants, protista or algae and some bacteria in the presence of chlorophyll. Light is absolutely essential to produce this reaction. On the other hand, cellular respiration is the biochemical pathway wherein cells produce energy for the chemical bonds of food molecules in order to produce energy needed to sustain life. Cellular respiration should be done by all living cells whether it is aerobic respiration which is in the presence of oxygen or anaerobic respiration. In this process, glucose is broken down into water, carbon dioxide and energy. This breakdown of food occurs in the mitochondria which releases energy. There are 4 stages involved in cellular respiration, Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Like photosynthesis, ATP is also produces in this process, occurs in all living organisms. Unlike in photosynthesis wherein sunlight is needed, cellular respiration happens all the time and no catalyst is required. group O is absorbed through this process and carbon dioxide is released. In addition to this processes, energy should also be understood. So, what is energy? It is the ability to do work and make things move. According to the Law of Thermodynamics, energy can be changed plainly is not created or destroyed. Due the inefficiency of energy transformation, energy is lost when we do activities. This can be explained by second law of thermodynamics which says that energy is converted to heat. This means that molecules that provide chemical energy should be replaced whenever our bodies theatrical role chemical energy in cellular processes. ATP or adenosine triphosphate is also needed to be understood. ATP provides the energy needed for all biological processes. ATP is produced in the process of cellular respiration. ATP is incessantly produced by our cells and consumes energy from organic molecules like glucose. When ATP is broken down, energy is released. Thi s is the energy used in synthesizing organic molecule, pumping ions through the cell membrane and muscle contraction. This explains how energy from food is used. This process starts when large organic food molecules like starch and triglycerides are broken down into small biological molecules such as glucose and fatty acids. These fatty acids travels in the blood and functions as an input for cellular respiration which transfers energy into organic particles such as glucose to energy in ATP. Afterwards, ATP is used to provide energy for cellular

Toyota Aygo Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Toyota Aygo Marketing - Essay ExampleThen, there were only basketb totally team auto competitors for the urban youth market segment. However, competitors have grown to twenty today. Thus, in an effort to advance its position in the highly competitive segment, where customers are hard to win, in the year 2014, the company uncover a in the buff-made version of the Aygo present with modifications that make it more suitable for the fresh target customers. The model constitutes the largest individual market share of any Toyota model and has a remarkable track record of attracting new customers to the Toyota brand and winning their loyalty (Lap Lab).Young people have different tastes for cars from the older people. Firstly, they prefer small(a) cars. Tus, in this respect, the Aygo model is small enough to suit the target customer needs. The cars readiness is four people the boot is also pretty small, though enough for a carry-on case/a few bags of shopping (Lap Lab). In addition, young people also want economical cars they are young and not yet at financial peak. In this regard, Aygo is economical in two aspects. Its price is the cheapest of all Toyota models, the average list price in UK being 8, 59. Further, insurance costs are also comparatively lower, and the company offers attractive finance deals to make the car more affordable to the youth. Secondly, the model scores relatively high in fuel economy. The new recently launched model has a fuel efficiency of 68.8mpg, which is a big improvement from its predecessor (Lap Lab).In addition, the youth also want a stylish car with playful features. Styling is one area in which Toyota has majored in to achieve the upper hand in a competitive urban youth market segment. The new version has been designed with style and fun in mind which, the company says to have been inspired by the Japanese youth culture. While the previous Aygo looked tasteless, the new version has a fancy X arrangement that gives it

Care of Patients with Dementia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Care of Patients with Dementia - Research Paper Exampleenvironmental particularors play a major role in the development of aggressive behaviour in a patient with dementia and contribute to sadness and dissatisfaction. Nurses intervention elderly patients must be aware of the fact that the environment of the hospital is new to the patient, the surrounding is filled with noise and the individual can feel disquieting in the surrounding (McCloskey, 2004). The first and foremost step in appropriate management of patients with dementia in health care setting is identification of the disease process and careful assessment of the various factors in environment of the patient that contribute to stress. Identification of factors helps in the modification of future care whereas lack of rationality of these aspects leads to frustration, inappropriate care and stress not only for the patient but also for the nursing staff. It is payable to such a lack of understanding that many physical re straints are employed in handling dementia patients and these contribute to patient mortality and increased burden of work for the nurses (McCloskey, 2004). One of strategies to prevent distress due to physical restraints is adoption of alternatives to physical restraints (McCloskey, 2004). Some such alternatives let in adoption of door thickening covers instead of doors, employment of various electronic devices like wandering system, bed alarms, door alarms and electronic observes to monitor the movements of the patient, change in the regimens of medication in such a way that they offer comfort to the patient. and energise minimal disturbance and distress, placing the patient in strategic regions which are compatible to the patient and are old(prenominal) to the patient, place safety mattress on the floor to enable safe locomotion, remove tubes and drains in a motivate manner, assist and pursue routine toileting, decrease scope for environmental hazards, prevent falls, employ various help for seating and positioning and usage of lower beds and employment of split side rails (McCloskey, 2004, table-1). Other alternatives include involvement of volunteers, family members, sitters and hospice workers

Why it is important for you to develop the philosophical mindset Essay

Why it is important for you to develop the philosophical mindset - leaven ExampleThis is because those with the philosophical mindset not only evaluate claims, but arguments given to support claims.In this sense, philosophy has practical value for our everyday life. Many perceive philosophy as only having commit application within the university, where students contemplate the thoughts of long-dead intellectuals. But given the necessity of critical thinking and rational agnosticism in all areas of life, including business, science, and politics, it seems philosophy is directly applicable to almost any kind of situation. Developing a philosophical mindset, however, is not limited to simply studying and doing well in philosophy courses. Rather, it is a yield of cultivating a general approach to life. Necessary to this general approach to life is having reasons (or empirical evidence) to support mavens knowledge and beliefs. To hold basic assumptions or opinions without evidence or without thought is the easiest way to sales booth a life on

Reflecting upon the different models of the criminal justice system we Essay

Reflecting upon the different models of the criminal preciselyice body we have studied, critic solelyy assess which you would most like - Essay ExampleLater on, the Judicature Act of 1873 was passed and the Criminal draw Act of 1907. Due process model According to Sanders, Young and Burton the side criminal system just like the American one, emphasizes on adversarial procedures and due process safeguards. The relevance of the due process in the English law is advised by the fact witnesses could be biased or the police force whitethorn interfere with the whole process. By insisting on a formal adjudicative process, the accused are able to get judge and beside, the entire process prevents the miscarriage of justice as an end to itself. In addition the due process discourages the law enforcement agencies from abusing power and breaking rules, while encouraging the primacy of the individual citizen. The share of the police in the criminal justice system is very constrained. As r ise and Quick (2010) trace in Wales and England, police can go as far taking an inquisitorial role except cannot force citizens to produce testimony against their will. The due process starts once an adversarial relationship has been formed or by and by becomes a suspect. In all fairness once can see that the role of the police is very limited in English and Wales criminal system. ... k (2010) the due process model as practised in England and Wales, involves the use of procedural and evidentiary rules in order to avoid to prevent miscarriages of justice to the accused. Wells and Quick (2010) liken the due process model to an assembly line or an obstacle incline designed to prevent the accused from progressing through the criminal process. The need for incorporation of the due process in the English and Wales criminal system is characterized by the elements of miscarriage of justice and observance of human rights. Another inwardness element of the system is presumption of innoc ence tenet, which is prescribed to by many other judicial systems all over the world. Presumption of innocence doctrine This is a core tenet in the criminal justice system, and is equally appreciated in the European Convention on Human Rights. The presumption of the innocence doctrine further suggests that the onus lies on the prosecution to prove the defendants guilt beyond logical doubt. According to Wells and Quick (2010) by forcing the prosecution to prove its case against the accused in an adjudicative context, the accused acquires an enhanced opportunity to secure a favourable outcome. Shift from the due process system to the control system However, in the face of the increase terrorist activities, and transnational villainys, the English government is under increasing wedge to adopt the crime control approach. At the same time, the English system is under pressure to initiate an appropriate legal framework to support the law enforcement agencies to control the levels of c rime being experienced. The crime control model as suggested by Sanders, Young and Burton (2010) is based on the proposition that the repression of the criminal claim is the main role of the

Comparison of Saudi Aramco and Shell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Comparison of Saudi Aramco and Shell - Essay Example Saudi Aramco uses a program that helps the employees focus on ethical expression within the work place. To sustain itself, it has adopted a flexible and efficient organizational structure to get operational excellence. Shell has taken an energy power approach and providing the necessary assistance to its customers. Saudi Aramco uses a program that helps the employees focus on ethical behavior within the work place. To sustain itself, it has adopted a flexible and efficient organizational structure to achieve operational excellence. Shell has taken an energy efficiency approach and providing the necessary assistance to its customers.Driving forces In this attention, companies focus on demand and customer satisfaction. In addition, the industry has also placed its focus on launching campaigns aimed at building and further developing the future.Porters 5 Forces The buyers have a strong bargaining power because of their large numbe rs and the products are considered to be valuable to the consumers. The supplier power is also high because of the nature and importance of the commodity they are dealing with. There is a moderate threat from substitutes in the industry and competition as well.Generic competition dodging Saudi Aramco has adopted a low-cost strategy by improving research on the commodity and fulfilling its goals and targets. Shell has placed its focus on reducing the cost of electricity, thereby making the company competitive.Market coat

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 12

Entrepreneurship - Essay ExampleStart ups succeed when entrepreneurs are able to correctly anticipate the necessarily of a niche grocery store and then work steadily to capitalize on the unique points of their service. Cater2me was no-hit in part because it was self financed and did not opt to achieve quick profit growth as is often required by venture capital funding. The owners can now further expand the bloodline through Format franchising, which willing allow Cater2me to reach across the Atlantic into the bustling London market through licensing their brand, operations value and culture to aspiring business owners. The format lets the franchisor keep control of their archetype idea while including and incorporating local insights from the franchisees and minimizes the risk for both the groups. It is a symbiotic relationship where Cater2me will hand over the necessary support (training, managerial and operational processes, brand value etc) to their franchised outlets in ov erseas centers and the business owners themselves will take on the routine work and risk associated with running the branches.Partners Zach Yungst and Alex Lorton had the idea for their startup Cater2me, while move across downtown San Francisco, admiring the variety of food options available at street side vendors. They were also sensitive of how these vendors were limited to a restricted customer base and did not have the options for scalability that were available to restaurants or discover financially backed establishments. They saw a market opportunity for bridging the gap between the vendors and the corporate customers who would be eager to sample the vast variety of food items if only it was conveniently packaged and delivered.Cater2me began in 2010 as a service providing quality food options to the various corporate offices and other tech startups operating in San Francisco who are not big enough to afford

Market entry strategy of retailer in China - The case of Walmart Dissertation

grocery entry strategy of seller in china - The case of Walmart - Dissertation ensampleThis area of research was of immense interest because global chain had achieved success and failures in different markets. To appreciate the entry mode choice Wal-Mart was selected for this study, being the largest global retailer. China was selected as the location because of the phenomenal scotch growth in recent decades and the postgraduate consumer base, both of which have been attracting foreign retailers. Thus, three objectives were set at the beginning of the study. All the three objectives have been achieved based on a study with qualitative info and qualitative analysis. The study finds that both push and pull factors motivated Wal-Mart to entre China. Its home market was saturated and Wal-Mart was dictated by the sheer size of Chinas consumer base. Since the outcome of any foreign venture depends upon the initial entry mode, Wal-Marts entry mode has been evaluated. The study find s that during the time that Wal-Mart entered China it had no alternative scarce to enter into joint venture but it appears that Wal-Mart did not assess several factors before entering the market. For instance, it did not conduct a proper research on the partner characteristics and the pass judgment synergies it did not take into account statement the local business environment, the consumer characteristics and the government regulations. ... While the timing of the entry was perfect (weak retail sector and high potential in China), Wal-Mart tried to impose its home market strategies which did not work in the Chinese business environment. Wal-Mart attempted standardizing operations across countries but this is not feasible in a retail environment. The entry choice of Wal-Mart into China does not conform to the theories governing entry mode choice. This suggests that no angiotensin-converting enzyme entry mode can be generalized to be the right entry mode. Literature on the subjec t amply suggests that different factors influence the entry mode choice. This study confirms that different factors have to be taken into account when evaluating the entry mode, without which the expected synergies may not be achieved. The outcome of this study is expected to benefit the retailers that plan expansion into emerging economies. Based on the limitations, the study recommends other areas of research on the subject. Contents Chapter I Introduction 1 1.1 Background Globalization and Retail Sector 1 1.2 Chinas Retail Sector 2 1.3 internationalistic Retailers Presence in China 3 1.4 Wal-Mart in China 4 1.5 International Market Entry Strategy 5 1.6 Rationale for Research 5 1.7 Research Aims and Objectives 7 1.8 Structure of the Study 8 Chapter II Literature Review 10 2.1 Chapter Overview 10 2.2 Motives for Internationalization 10 2.3 Policy Framework in China 12 2.4 Internationalization Theories 13 2.4.1 International Market Selection 13 2.4.2 Market Challenges faced by Int ernational Retailers 14 2.4.3 Foreign Market Entry Modes 16 2.4.4 Theories Governing Market Entry Mode Decision 19 2.4.5 The Uppsala Stage system of Internationalization 21

Human services legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human services economy - Essay Exampleoverty level was increasing at a rapid rate, which made the Johnson administration to begin up with a program that would be run by the government to try and reduce the meagreness level. The legislation worked out well because the scantiness level was greatly reduced over time to a lower level. Expounding on the war on poverty will paint a neat picture on the impact and benefits of the legislation.The war on poverty is a legislation that was pioneered by get together States president Johnson Lyndon in a state address. Johnson proposed the legislation in response to the rising poverty rates. The proposal of marriage allowed the United States congress to pass the economic prospect act which then instituted the office of economic opportunity to oversee the local application of funds aimed against poverty. Johnson believed in increasing the governments roles in trim down poverty and bettering education and health care as strategies of reducing the poverty rates. Johnson had an aim of not to heal the symptoms of poverty, but to cure it and above all, to prevent it.During Johnsons administration hearing before the select committal on poverty of the committee on labor and public welfare, President Johnson decided that the United States was not going to put up with the increasing poverty rates anymore (Zarefsky, 1986). The notion was that prosperity wholly was not going to get rid of the increasing poverty rates. Johnson emphasized that the war on poverty would create job opportunities, and also lead to planning and organization of resources, to break the cycle of poverty in communities.The main social problems were poor education and health care, lack of job opportunities, poor transportation and urban problems. According to Phelps, this is why President Johnson found it more convenient to curb those social problems in show to fight poverty in a more orderly manner (2014). This is especially because poverty is link to issues such as lack of education, jobs, proper healthcare

GUN CONTROL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GUN CONTROL - Essay ExampleTherefore, this paper will focus on the brilliance of gun control in the entire community. Most of the people claim to be in pauperization guns for their self-defense but most of the people misuse them to trouble others. Most suicide and murder cases recently, begin been as a course of firearms in most cases it is not in self-defense (Lott 126).The controlling of firearms that ar available to the public, will decrease the lives lost be make out people will no longer use the guns to cause harm. However, most criminals attack the unarmed people and avoid the armed, as they atomic number 18 harder to prey on. Therefore, as some(prenominal) as the general social safety is enhanced, the individual will not be safe. This is because of insufficient protective covering and they will fall prey to most criminals. Apart from self-defense, the members of the public who own guns use them for other purposes slipway that are productive to the nightspot while other s are a threat to the society. The major wizard is hunting. capture is a culture in most communities and the banning of guns means that the culture has to stop its ways of living. It is very hard to find better options for cultures and the public will find it to be a hard task. This may lead some of them to looking for other utility(a)s that may be poorer and cause more harm to the society (Wuest 116). Firearms have been more protection to the women more than it has to the men. This is because the women are taken to be generally the weaker gender and are therefore more given over to attacks than males are. This is true to some extent because apart from general robbery, women are prone to rape. A woman with a gun is likely to scare of her assailant but an unarmed one is likely to be defeated because she has no protection that would much up to the attackers force (Kleck 126). A national survey indicated that approximately 95 percent of the people with guns just have to beat th eir weapon to scare the attackers away and prevent the attack overly (Lott 97). Firearms have also caused a big money of harm within the society through accidents. It is generally advised that guns should be locked when in the residences of the users but seldom do people follow this directive. This is because a locked gun has to be un pie-eyed and there is really no need to carry just about the gun. This is because it cannot protect the user (Kleck 277). This has led to many people leaving the guns loaded in their homes in places easily reached by the small children The small children are ignorant of the use of a gun and some of the older ones are adventurous. This leads to them using the guns, which inflicts harm to them or to other people around them. Controlling of the ownership of firearms will reduce the accidents in the residences of the owners and therefore reduce the deaths of the innocent children. Another dictatorial effect of the gun power is that there will be expansi on of other industries that deal with render of security. The security industries should be licensed to possess guns to safeguard the society. The society will have to look for alternative methods to guard themselves and for self-protection. As a result, the industries that deal with manufacturing the equipment for self-defense will benefit. Protection against burglary in the houses can be maintained by use of a simple anti-theft alarm. This is effective and with no side effects on the owner. In self-defense, Stun and teaser guns are

S there a genuine right to have children, and if so how far does it Term Paper

S there a genuine right to have children, and if so how far does it extend Explore either the question of an various(prenominal) r - Term Paper ExampleThis paper is a critical evaluation of the humans natural right to have children as a comparative debate on different socio-economic and political scenarios of different countries. Genuineness of Right to Have Children This question is, perhaps, the most personal one for most people. Having a child is the most basic reason behind legitimate relationships between male and female by form of marriage in all the demographic groups. It is a subject under the ghostly and ethnic jurisdiction of the mankind. Many societies, even if it is a part of an overpopulated country, have a greater speculation on the outcome of a marriage and they think it is the most basic success signal of an adults life. According to virtually suggestions, associated with the right to marry is the right to have children, if one chooses, without arbitrary governmen tal interference. (Keetley &Pettergrew 212). Since the full term marriage is a closer associate of religious and cultural fashions of people, the need for respecting the expectations about marriage becomes a responsibility of the couple. In such a scenario, the need for relating this very question to the social and religious norms of refine communities across the world is of prime importance. An exploration into the argument to support birth control policies and individual rights to mold the number of children should travel through the studies of different countries and cultural groups besides the influence of many ethical and religious factors facing the human life. Moreover, the entire world today is focusing on the reservations on unprep atomic number 18d pregnancies by adopting medical and spiritual measures to curb the problem of unwanted births for the safety of dignity of even the unborn children from cosmos thrown to despe commit living conditions owing to the present d ay social conditions. Social implications of birth rate rise According to Duane, from the political point of view, the standardization of the population of a country by constrictive the birth rate is meant for its economic sustainability and the retained capability to provide educational and employment opportunities to its citizens. There are evidences of some developments in the field of classified breeding for a better generation in countries resembling America. If scientific approach to quality control of human community is an option for some countries, strict regulations on limiting the birth rate is a choice for countries like China, whose single child policy is a strong example of the governments intervention in the individual choice of having children. However, there are drastic effects on the social balance when certain governments implement such policies. Situations in some countries worsen in the spiritual and social prospects along with the increasingly biased approach of parents towards girl children. to the highest degree people prefer a choice of male children for their assumed financial and social security concerns to girls by indirectly causing a dip in the sex ratio. From a humanistic perspective, it is the right endorsed to both individual to have the natural right to reproduce. All the developments in the world today are the force of such passages of generations.

Contextualised analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contextualised analysis - Essay ExampleThe opus concentrates on two pages (page 45 and 204) extract from the book that deals with relationship (sexuality).This double existence was in unanimity with the Victorian era in which the author lived, and also with a viewpoint that pleasures are most pleasurable when they are confidential. No evil is as allusive as the surreptitious sin. There is basis to ponder that Wilde would have retreated at the tendency to put on ones sexuality in spite of appearance ones sleeve instead of making such internal appetencys the matter of subtle, secretive gratifications. Illusion, as he eminently quoted, is the initial of entire pleasures. Wilde was capable to rationalize his enticements while taking pleasure in the thrill of prohibited fruit but in his spirit, in his innermost conscience, the guilt prowled. Just as homosexuality in Wildes merely book, The Picture of Dorian Gray, is noticeable without being unconcealed, many desire their sins could be uncontrolled without being observed. The Picture of Dorian Gray discovers the fantasy of unconquerable vice but to realize that, while law can be avoided, there is no flee from conscience. Homosexuality is revealed in book in many section, however, this analysis provide an extract of page 204 revealing confession of Hallward for sweet Dorian.It is quite true I have worshipped you with far more romance of feeling than a man should ever give to a friend. Somehow I have never loved a woman. From the moment I met you, your personality had the most extraordinary influence over me. I adore you madly, extravagantly, absurdly. I was jealous of everyone to whom you spoke. I wanted to have you all to myself. I was only happy when I was with you (204).This was a time of historical transformation in Victorian or modernist period. In the preamble, Wilde also warned readers against seek connotations beneath the surface of literature or any art. The extract provides a

The U.S. legal system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The U.S. legal system - judge ExampleUsually when a case is unlikely to end in a successful tribunal, in court, then the defendant is granted a plea bargain or the case might level(p) be dismissed by a judge or the district attorney. For instance, out of the 167,209 grownups ar ataraxised for misdemeanor charges, in the New York State, in 2009, only 663 individuals were exonerated (roughly 0.4%). More than 100,000 individuals were charged, but a majority of them pleaded out to deject charges. Just about 35,923 individuals were charged of a felony despite their former arrest (Burnham, 2012). A majority of the rest were released after the completion of some form of rehab program. The United States legal system prides itself of been one of the fairest legal systems in the world. However, cases spend a penny arisen, which tend to question whether the above statement is true or false. Also, when someone considers the above statistics, they post start asking themselves questions of wh y some many people found in the wrong are eventually set free. It is true that the United States has the highest crime level than any other county in the cosmos (Burnham, 2012). The total number of United States citizens, who have passed through United States prisons, is higher than that total number of citizens that have been imprisoned in other countries of the world combined. Therefore, does the United States legal system promote good or bad ethics? This paper will look into this question, as well as discuss the eccentric of judges in promoting good legal ethical practices. Question 1 The preface to the United States ecesis states that making sure domestic harmony is a goal of government, which is a fairly or ethically a neutral argument (Burnham, 2012). On the other hand, Civil Rights fair plays promote an ethical and legal commitment. oft the courts and laws are needed to resolve tough ethical dilemmas in the society such as the moot issues concerning abortion, segregati on and affirmative action. Also, laws permit numerous actions, which will not tolerate ethical scrutiny (Burnham, 2012). What the law requires or permits, in other words, is not essentially what is ethically right. For example, United States laws allow disloyalty or infidelity towards friends, the breaking of promises, which do not utilize the importance of legal contracts and a wide number of deceptions. Laws, at times, involve gross immoralities, for instance the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which urged citizens to bring back fugitive slaves to their masters, as well as the U.S. Supreme Courts Dred Scott ruling, which, in 1857, affirmed that slaves were not U.S. citizens, but the nations keeping (Burnham, 2012). State, federal and local regulatory acts persuade the behavior of some professions. Business managers are faced with devil kinds of ethical matters when conducting their everyday activities and the law holds them answerable for their dealings in these areas. Micromanagem ent matters include employee rights, conflicts of interest, sexual harassment, fair accomplishment appraisals, discrimination, proprietary information and offering or accepting gifts. Macromanagement matters consist of corporate social accountability, environmental ethics, point of intersection liability, comparable worth, downsizings and layoffs, workers rights to seclusion in the work setting, employee screening

Discuss how the constant improvement of diagnostic techniques drives Essay

Discuss how the constant improvement of diagnostic techniques drives improvements in our intelligence and handling of disea - Essay ExampleAlthough these techniques were helpful for sign evaluation, they could not effectively anticipate responses to treatment or risk of complications to specific treatment methods. However, there are many recent developments in the area of crabby person diagnosis. The development of molecular based technologies for cancer detection facilitated the identification of an inherited risk of breast cancer in people. In addition, this development assisted physicians to more accurately evaluate the prognosis of those who already existing with the disease. By predicting an inherited risk of developing breast cancer, it is possible to treat the disease at the introductory stages and to avoid complex procedures want breast amputation. Likewise, an accurate evaluation of the prognosis would assist physicians to introduce sufficient intervention mechanisms timely and prevent the diseases from getting deteriorated. Some recently developed diagnostic methods particularly sharpen on the identification of patients who are most likely to respond to certain type of treatment. This is very adept for reducing future complications associated with cancer treatment. Currently, analysis of gene expression data and computer aided imaging are the good techniques to predict the risk of cancer in patients and the response to particular treatments (Alexe et al 2009). In addition, cancer screening method has been developed to diagnose the disease even before the symptoms appear. As a result of these improvements in cancer diagnostic techniques, today people are increasingly aware of the benefits of archeozoic detection of cancer. In addition, such improvements have led to the development of more effective cancer treatment procedures. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease affecting the human immune system and is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). During the initial period of infection, the affected person may experience influenza like illness. This initial stage is primarily followed by a long period without symptoms. As the diseases progresses, the patient becomes more vulnerable to other infections like opportunistic infections and tumors. Unsafe sexual intercourse and unsecure blood transfusions are the major causes of the HIV transmission. As per 2010 data, or so 34 million people have contracted AIDS worldwide. Currently, statistical data indicate that the incidence of AIDS has decreased relative to the past decades. This decline in the prevalence rate can be attributed to improvements in HIV diagnostic techniques. Traditionally, the first generation immunoassay tests have been employed to diagnose the carriage of HIV. Under this technique, HIV lysate was used as the source of antigen to capture the presence of the antibody in the sample (Chappel et al 2009). The first generation tests had many shortcomings because they often gave false-positive results as a result of the contamination of the antigen and variations in the lysates. The ruin of first generations tests led to the introduction of second generation anti-HIV-1 immunoassays. The mean infectious window period was trim back from 56 to 42 days as a result of this invention. The second generation tests were based on recombinant Escherichia coli- derive antigen preparations

Information Policy and Governance Essay Example for Free

Information Policy and Governance probeBesides the security loopholes and privacy demands from teaching providers and users, there atomic number 18 various issues that take hold drawn the economic aid of education counsel from the novice systems to advanced reading management systems. Policies, in the management worlds have been apply as designatelines against which definite safety frameworks are checked. In the information management sectors, policies are guidelines against which the integrity of information and its security can be formulated.ComplexityWhilst I have recognized that a governance aper seems now to be undulating, I am reluctant to have a definite conclusion and for certain non in a gullible fashion. Instead, I believe that governing thickeningity of information is further from straightforward and, indeed, that governance malfunction in an organization is custom. Where there are not corporate strategies to guide information management, com flummox er executives get out be in risk when qualification long-term technology choices make it imperative for top-management executive and possibly shareholders to be come to in any decisions that involve governing of Information.The dangers of inner or external threats to a companys data are becoming more complex as the profundity, extent of a companys information expands hastily, and data is collective with business give awayners, suppliers, and customers. The complexities involved in the form _or_ system of government formulation process may be mainly sourced from the end users who may not always be agreeable to the draft policies and without adequate coordination, the process can collapse.Massive training programs, in-depth directives, guidelines and introductory instructions, must all be considered as part of the policy formulation processes hence the complexity. Although the complexity of policy formulation may be in the initial stages, governance poses a challenge in the c arrying out phases. Information Policy Formulation of information management policies involves both the policy formulators and the information users. There is oftentimes coordination and interpretation needed.In many instances, there would be several drafts, approvals, debates and eventual releases. Though the information users may agree to the underlying policies on how they would create, have or gain access to, store, as closely as dispose of information be it personal or business information, there may be many challenges to top management on how to govern and manage the long-term adherence to the formulated policies. Accountability procedures have to therefore be implemented to ensue that the policies agreed upon are not only implemented still adhered to.Policy Frame works. Besides the challenges involved in make agreeable terms upon which information management can be based, basic policies have to be formulated to guide all the stakeholders on the foundational frameworks of information integrity and security. In this case, the attention is then drawn to some basis questions who makes the information management policies? How are the information management policies made? Traditional organizational structure is crumbling under the weight of ever flip magnitude egulations that drive greater accountability and transparency.Smart companies are on the forefront of building new and alter structures that support and enhance this new compliance environment, and best practices are emerging (Atkinson Leandri, 2005, p. 37). The foundational frameworks upon which information management policies are formulated are key. Basic consideration, in this process, is given to the particular organizational needs as well as long-term goals.Both short-term as well as long-term organizational information needs have to also be evaluated, both Bookmark Privacy In any antiauthoritarian society privacy is an essential human right. And now organizations are evolving in their th oughts about information privacy. more(prenominal) focus is being placed on the value it can deliver to an organization, and how it can contribute to raise and sustained stakeholder value. Most businesses are very particular about data privacy by making sure that certain data does not end up in wrong hands.As part of putting into practice this requests, the business logic section executes functions that make compulsory privacy rules which are a derivative from business rules and sources for government, industry and consumer privacy rules. Rules Traditionally, law and government policy have customary disrespect rules for information policy, but for network environments and the information society the government is not solely responsible for making this rules. In any organization that shares data both internally and externally rules have to be put in place to govern who and when information can be accessed.And if the information is accessed there has to be certain checks and balanc es that make sure only the information required can be accessed. tie in Data Linked data is the aptitude of an organization to add one information luck to another data set and use it for further relevance. This can be achieved by making some changes to the way information is presented to the creation and some naming standards have to be implemented and followed. This is not a necessarily complex change that an organization needs to make but it will require alto of expertise, strategy planning and implementation.Places that affirm information to public, such as libraries would benefit enormously from using linked data design. It means that they will stop spending time on data aggregation and start spending it on summary and action of the already existing data. An example is linked data can be used in secure surroundings to help partners share personal, sensitive or profitable information on initiation and resources and help better target those in need or areas for improvement.C onclusion Not every government has setup an information management policy, and many carry out their business commendably without one. However, certain authorizerences can occur and will alert such organisations to the necessity for one, however, and perpetually this will be at that dangerous its in addition late moment. To avoid such kind of mishaps it is always good for organization to start planning on how they will manage there information and govern it within the company.

Impact of escalating gas prices on the U.S. Essay Example for Free

encroachment of escalating shoot a line prices on the U.S. EssayThe rock embrocate prices keep up been creeping soaringer(prenominal) in the recent outgoing and the current gas market conditions in the United States of the States be truly uncertain as well as unstable which has further guide to a lot of negative effects on the gas consumers. The gas prices have been rapidly escalating in the Ameri jakes markets which have led to the amplification of the strong suit term scotch effects. The American economys prosperity remains at risk for as long as the oil prices in the country remain very high and also unstable. The reposition magnitude oil prices in America also quantitatively affect the countrys macro economy. The repair of the escalating oil prices on the US economy The oil prices in America remain a very important determinant in the overall performance of the countrys economy. It is also important to follow that the overall increase in the oil prices in Ameri ca has further led to a transference of income from the American economy to the exporting countries through a trade shift.In America the degree of the contract effects of a specified gas price is super determined by the sh ar of the oils cost in the income of the country and also the ability of the gas users to reduce their personal consumption and wholly change from the gas to other alternatives. The change magnitude gas prices in America has also highly stirred the place of inflation since in most of the times the consumer price index has been on the increase and this cl primeval shows that at that place is a correlation between the oil prices movements and the changes which occur in the rate of inflation.This so clearly stipulates that the change magnitude oil prices in America further drive up the imported oils costs and in oecumenic terms the rate of inflation. (Anne, 2007) With the worlds lease for oil rapidly increasing and the oil supplies very limited, whence th e American economy is much(prenominal) likely to suffer the damage in the short as well as long-term. The high oil prices in America atomic number 18 amongst the key factors which have made many economists to scale of measurement back their predictions for the countrys economic growth in the present year.The countrys economic growth rate has highly reduced because of the increasing oil prices and this has resulted to a growing rate of unemployment in America. (Brown, 2004) The gasoline prices in America atomic number 18 expected to even hit new highs since the American refineries argon currently producing as much gasoline as they can include other oil products. In the larger picture the American authorities have non built any new refineries or even upgraded the old ones because of the environmental and the regulatory concerns.If the oil supplies were to greatly increase then the supplies of the major oil products would not substantially grow and thus the gas prices and the ot her refined products would stay very high. (Harvey, and Ted, 2007) The higher oil prices in America also highly spurs inflation and this further leads the federal reserves to touch the interests rates up and this in turn causes the car loans the mortgages and the credit cards to become much more expensive than they already are. This whole issue sends a lot of ripples through the financial markets in America.The acclivity rate of inflation tends to highly affect the bond prices which further reduces the economic growth that could help in keeping the interests rates down. When the gas prices go up then the bond prices also go up because the economic growth rate is very slow exactly this does not similarly apply to the commonplace markets. On the other hand the high gas prices have a negative impact on the stock markets as this leaves the consumers with very little monies to spend as this also undermines the corporate earnings which are key to the prices in the stock markets.The de preciating US dollar has contributed to the escalating gas prices which are partly base on the dollars value. Source Anne, F. (2007) Comparison of US gasoline Vehicle Fuel prices in the U. S. Pedant eye on Global Climate Change, Washington In America the hurricane threats to the oil platforms, the labor strikes, the terrorist threats and the fires at the oil refineries and also other problems which are short lived they all are not wholly responsible for the escalation of the gas prices. They however push the gas prices higher but they are not the fundamentals in create the high escalating gas prices.(Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Office of the master(prenominal) Counsel 2006) Currently there has been an increasing speculation in the oil market globally and thusly there is an increase in the American gas prices and this could extend into the long term. America has the highest and the largest oil demand so far in the world and therefor e the depleting domestic production and also the expanding demand by the oil consumers in the US further leads the country to import oil from the foreign countries. This dependency then has made the country very vulnerable to any disruptions in the oil supplies.In America the increasing gas prices makes the other unconventional sources of oil very attractive to the businesses. For the working class in America that includes those who earn their living without any benefits and also those who have older vehicles with an average of less than 20 MPG, they are usually faced with several alternatives. They commute by using the public transportation, the light rail, the rapid jump as well as the bus, they also carpool, scooter, motor cycle, walk or even bicycle or even relocate to the inner city if one resides in the areas that are suburban.Surprisingly many businesses are also moving away from the 24 hour operation since the higher gas prices are highly discouraging the lifestyle trends o f the past. Some restaurants and also cafes are also closing down very early and they are well known for their 24 hour operating cultures. The airlines have also been severely affected by the same and they have not been left out in introducing the fuel surcharges or they can even scale back their operations in efforts to trim the fuel costs which are spiraling.The high gas prices has also affected the schools in many districts and particularly the large school bus fleets have reduced since the schools can no longer maintain to run the high fuel costs of the buses. The on-going gas hike in America has worried very many people especially the consumers who are spending so much The American economists further state that if the Americans will have to spend more silver on their gas consumptions then they will definitely have very little money that is left for to spend on the other goods and services.Also as the gas prices go up then the prices of other goods and services especially the foods also go up. The gas prices in America are highly affected and driven by the costs of the crude oil and the escalating oil prices in America are being attributed to the to the high Americans demand . An example of this is that during the summer vacation seasons most of the American familys film more gas since they use their vehicles for the long trips. (Bearn, 2003) Conclusion There are many reasons that lead to the change magnitude gas prices in America and also the decrease in oil supply.This has been partly because of the Middle tocopherols growing turbulence and it is the world largest oil producing region in the world. In the hurricane Katrina scenario the supply ladder from the gulf coast off border rigs which is the largest oil source in America for the domestic market was heavily crippled. This further led to the a temporary shut down of two major on shore pipelines and also at least 10% of the countrys refining capacity was not in operation in the storms wake.In A merica despite the increase in the gas supplies the prices have continually raised at a very fast rate than in the past and this has further led to an increased discussion on the theory of the peak oil and a future possibility that would resonate the supply of oil highly reducing. Some experts say that even though the oil supplies themselves are not reduced the easily accessible light sweet crude sources have almost been exhausted and in the future the Americans will depend on the more expensive sources and alternatives to the heavy oil. (Anne, 2007)The united states of America unceasingly keeps about 700 million crude oil gallons for storage to cover far any national emergencies but this reserves have gone down to 650 million gallons as more oil is being turn from the reserves to the markets at large.ReferenceStandard Poors DRI, The U. S. Economy, issues 2000/12, 2001/1, 2001/2 and 2001/3. WEFA, US Outlook, issues December 2000, and January, February and March 2001 Brown, S. (2 004) U. S. Gasoline Prices on the Rise Once Again, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Expand Your Insight, May http//www. dallasfed.org/eyi/usecon/0405gasoline. html ASEAN Competitiveness Study, McKinsey Company, dire 2003 Higher Global Oil Prices Implications for Asia in 2005, Asiatic Development Bank, 2005 http//www. adb. org/Documents/Books/ADO/2004/update/part030200. asp developing Asia and the World, Asian Development Bank, 2005, http//www. adb. org/Documents/Books/ADO/2004/update/part010000. asp Higher Global Oil Prices Implications for Asia in 2005, Asian Development Bank, 2005 http//www. adb. org/Documents/Books/ADO/2004/update/part030200. asp Switch it Off, The Asia Section, The Straits Times, June 2, 2005

Marketing an Introduction Essay Example for Free

trade an Introduction hind endvasMicro milieu trade management their job is to build strong relationships with customers by creating customer valuate and satisfaction. But merchandise managers cannot do this al iodine. Marketing success will require building relationships with another(prenominal) alliance departments, suppliers , marketing intermediaries , customers , competitors and various mans.The communityMarketing managers must work closely with other company departments. otherwise departments fork over an seismic disturbance on the marketing departments plans and actions. All of these functions must think consumer.SuppliersSuppliers form an important yoke in the companys overall customer value delivery system. They provide the imaginativenesss use uped by the company to produce its considerablys and services. Supplier problems can seriously affect marketing. Rising supply costs whitethorn force price increases that can harm the companys sales volume. Mar keters build strong relationships with its suppliers.Marketing intermediariesMarketing intermediaries help the company to promote , sell and distribute its products to final debaseers. Includes resellers , physical distribution firms , marketing services agencies and financial intermediaries. * Resellers distribution channel firms that help the company find customers or shit sales for them. These include wholesalers and retailers who buy and resell merchandise.* Physical distribution firms Help the company to stock and move goods from their points of logical argument to their destinations. * Marketing services agencies Marketing research firms , advertising agencies , media firms , and marketing consulting firms. * Financial intermediaries Banks , credit companies , insurance companies and other financial institutions or insurance institutions against the risks associated with the acquire and selling of goods. Todays marketers know the importance of running(a) with their i ntermediaries as partners.CompetitorsA company must provide greater customer value and satisfaction than its competitors do. Marketers need to do much than simply adapt to the needs of their customers. You need a strategy as a firm.PublicsPublic is any sort out that has an actual or potential interest in or impact on an organizations ability to achieve its objectives. There atomic number 18 seven types of publics1) Financial publics This group influences the companys ability to obtain funds 2) Media publics This group carries news , features and editorial opinion. 3) Government publics steering must scoot government developments into account. (Product safety , truth in advertising and other matters) 4) Citizen-action public A companys marketing decisions whitethorn be questioned by consumer organizations , environmental groups , minority groups and others. PR can help to stay in touch with consumers and citizen groups 5) Local publics Relation with neighborhood residents a nd community organizations. 6) General public The general public and their opinions and the company and their products 7) Internal publics Workers , managers , volunteers and the board of directors.CustomersCustomers are the most important actors in the companys micro environment. The main point is to serve the consumer and make them your customer. 1) Consumer market Households and individuals 2) Business market buy goods or services for further processing. 3) reseller markets Buy goods or services to resell it at a network 4) Government markets Buy goods or services to produce publics services or transfer the goods to those who need them. 5) international markets Buyers in other countries could be consumers , business , resellers and governments.Macro environmentExternal factors that may be a threat to a company. There are 6 macro environmental elementsDemographicDemography is the employment of human populations in terms of size , density , location , age , gender , race , craft and other statistics. Demography has a huge impact on marketing because it involves people and people make up markets. The world s large and highly diverse population poses both opportunities and challenges. Marketers have to life a close watch on the demographic trends and developments in their markets , at home and abroad. Generations * Baby boomers born(p) between 1946-1964. single of the most powerful forces pliant the marketing environment. They have had many a(prenominal) good long time but now with a sharp decline in stock prices and home set , many baby boomers are now expense more carefully and planning to work longer. * Generation X Born between 1965-1976. They lie in the shadow of the baby boomers. Not materialistic. First propagation of enate divorce and working moms. The MTV generation. They are spending more carefully. Many companies are focusing one Generation X als target segment. * Millennials/Generation Y Born between 1977-2000 This group includ es several(prenominal) age cohorts Tweens (9-12) Teens (13-18) Young adults (19-32)With a big purchase power they are an attractive market for business. This generation is fluent with the digital technology. They dont embrace technology , it is a way of life. Generational Marketing Do marketers have to make several(predicate) products for each generation ? Defining people by their birthdate may be less effective than segmenting them by their lifestyle , life stage or the common values they seek in products they buy.The traditional household has disappeared and marketers must increasingly consider the special needs of non-traditional households , because they are now growing more rapidly than traditional households. Each group has distinctive needs and buying habits.Geographic shifts People move all the time. Such population shifts interest marketers because people in different regions buy differently. (Migration from North to South , East to West , City to suburban areas etc) Bet ter educated population The rising number of well educated people will increase the demand for quality products , books , magazines, fit , personal computers and internet services. Increasing diversity Countries vary in their ethnic and racial make up. One nation has just one culture and another nation has loads of cultures within their birth culture. Marketers have to take that in account nowadays. They make products to one or more groups. But it can as well be differences in your sexual orientation that marketers take in account. Another diversity segment is for adults with disabilities. Marketers take advantage of opportunities in fast growing segments.Economic EnvironmentConsists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. Marketers must pay close attention to major trends and consumer spending patterns. Nations vary greatly in their levels and distribution of income. Some countries have industrial economies , which constitute rich markets for ma ny different kinds of goods. Subsistence economies They consume most of their own agricultural and industrial goods. In between are developing economies which can offer outstanding marketing oppurtunities for the right kind of products.Changes in income and spending People could spend loads of money until the frugal crisis showed up. The economic meltdown has been psychologically wrenching after a quarter century of prosperity. People live backside to basic and adopted their lifestyle , and their spending pattern. Marketers are now trying to give people good quality for a good and fmelodic phrase price. Marketers should pay attention to income distribution as well as income levels. Changing consumer spending patterns Consumers of different income levels have different spending patterns. Engels law When the income increases , the percentage spend on food declines , the percentage spent on housing remains constant and the percentage spent on most other categories and that devo ted to savings increase.Natural EnvironmentInvolves the natural resources that are require as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities. Environmental concerns have bounteous the last three decades. Global warming is a hot issue. Marketers should be aware of several trends in the natural environment. First involves growing shortages of raw material such as water pollution and air pollution. Second is increased pollution The industry will amost always damage the quality of the natural environment ( Chemical and nuclear wastes)Third trend is increased government intervention in natural resource management. One government cares more than the other. Today companies are developing strategies and practices that support environmental sustainability an effort to produce a world economy that the planet can support indefinitely. The consumer responds with an increasing demand for environmental accountable products. Other companies are developing recyclable or biode gradable packaging , recycled materials and components , better pollution controls , and more energy-efficient operations.Technological environmentThe scientific environment is perhaps the most dramatic force now , shaping our destiny. Technology has created miracles with medicines , surgery , electronics and internet. But also horrors as nuclear weapons m chemical weapons and assault rifles. The technological environment changes rapidly. New technologies creates new markets and opportunities. However every new technology replaces an old one. Marketers should keep themselves up to date or soon their products will be outdated. As products and technology become more composite , the public needs to know that these are safe. Thus the government agencies investigate and ban potentially unsecured products.Political and Social EnvironmentMarketing decisions are strong affected by developments in the political environment. It consists laws , government agencies and pressure groups that i nfluence or limit various organizations and individuals in a given auberge

Working in groups Essay Example for Free

Working in conventions Essay1) formulate the difference types of groups that suit in the workplacea) FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS.Formal groups stop be intercommunicate to the staff as a whole, to selected groups of employees or to an individual in the comp any(prenominal) such examples slew be job appraisal procedures, reports, consultative document, etc.Informal groups in this way means talking b bely a two-way communication process in alone its forms. These groups serve a counter organizational function, attempting to offset in a business.b) SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM. Short term is when an employee is working for a short plosive speech sound of time where as long term is when an employee is work much then that. macrocosm in a group for a shirt time may not give the group all its exceed, but this throne only change by stay for a long period of time.e) QUALITY CIRCLESDiscussion groups that meet regularly to identify problems consider alternative solutions and recommend them to management. This forms an important calve of a companys programme of continuous improvement. Quality circles may be summarised as following* They are minor(ip) groups of workers who meet voluntarily and appoint their own group leader.* They meet on a regular basis, much after work* They are usually from the same work area* Their purpose is to identify, investigate, analyse and solve- tie in problems.* They present their solutions the management.2) why is it of important to mangers individuals to encourage working in groups or team ups?It is important for to mangers individuals to work in groups or teams because this can* Increase listening skills* Shared work load* Work is completed ardent* Increase motivation* Shared ideas* Shared responsibility* Developing team confidence* Problem resolution* Specific skills3) Explain fully Belbins team theory.Belbin team roles describe a pattern of behaviour that characterises wizard persons behaviour in relationship to another in facilitating the progress of a team.The value of Belbin team-role theory lies in enabling an individual or team to benefit from self-knowledge and adjust according to the demands being made by the external situation.Identifying a persons team Role helps* Improve self awareness and personal effectiveness.* Foster unwashed trust and understanding between work colleagues.* Team selection and team building.* Match people to jobs more effectively.Managers must understand that people bring more than their skills and experience to a team, they bring their personalities as well. Utilizing peoples behavioral strengths to create a balanced team adds greatly to both group and personal performance.It shows that although each team member in an example team has a functional role, they also have team roles. These are critical to the teams success.Belbin explains that teams with fewer members may need people to perform dual roles. He shows how behavioural skills can be assessed and how, with care, teams can be constructed that take account of hierarchies as well as personal interaction.4) Why is it useful ensuring the success of working groups?Work can be made more efficient. Mistakes are probable to be made which also means more ideas are created. A feeling of belonging can be created which could also lead them to be maked and this creates a better atmosphere. Extra work can be don which can have a knock on effect on any other groups if any. This may lead to increase of production and therefore increase of profit.5) How do organizations use groups to come upon?a) TargetsGroups are there two create ideas, plans and strategies. They can be part of these in order to fulfill the target they are set. Each member of the group can be allocated a particular task, so the target is easier to achieve, this can help moral and motivation. This leave behind then result in increased dexterity of completing the taskb) Share SkillsThe work will be shared which makes it quicker to complete. This will motivate the employees to work quicker and faster and share all ideas amongst the group. Along with this is essential that work is shared with concern responsibility. Team confidence will build and problems which occur amongst the group can also be solved. close to people may have specific skills that others may not have this can lead to well-grounded ideas, which can result of a good quality of work performancec) Ideas GoalsIdeas are taken 4rm all individuals in the group and then summarised and put together to make a big discussion or point. Every idea brought up can be widened out or also described as a schema. Employees will be motivated and the business will be come more successful. This will lead the business to become more higher ranked. The business will be getting the best of its ability of the groups ideas, which will associate it to become more successful.

Ethical Leadership in Organizations Essay Example for Free

honorable Leadership in Organizations Essay ethical attractorship is trioing that is involved in leading in a manner that respects the rights and dignity of others. As attractionshiphiphip ar by nature in a position of accessible creator, ethical leading focuses on how leaders use their social power in the decisions they make, actions they engage in and modal determine they influence others. Leaders who atomic number 18 ethical demonstrate a level of integrity that is important for stimulating a intelligence of leader trustworthiness, which is important for followers to evaluate the vision of the leader. Leaders who are ethical are tribe-oriented, and too aware of how their decisions impact others, and use their social power to serve the heavy(p)er good kinda of self-serving interests. Motivating followers to put the of necessity or interests of the group ahead of their receive is another quality of ethical leaders. Motivating involves engaging others in an intellectual and emotional commitment between leaders and followers that makes both parties equ wholey responsible in the pursuit of a common goal. Ethical leadership falls within the nexus of inspiring, stimulating, and visionary leader behaviours that make up transformational and charismatic leadership. Ethical leaders assist followers in gaining a sense of person-to-person competence that allows them to be self-sufficient by encouraging and empowering them.What is Ethical Leadership?One exemplary response to the ethics crisis in business is a clarion call for much ethical leadership, until now there are few explanations of what exactly is meant by the term. M whatsoever executives and business ventureers believe that ethical leadership is simply a matter of leaders having good character. By having the right determine or beingness a person of strong character, the ethical leader tummy set the example for others and withstand any temptations that may occur along the burea u. Without denying the importance of good character and the right shelters, the reality of ethical leadership is far more complex and the stakes are much higher.Over the past 25 years, in talking to executives in a number of industries about the problems of how to lead in a world of great changeglobalization, democratization, and incredible technological advanceswe throw a means identified a number of touchst iodines for the idea of ethical leadership. Our companionship is very much contrary to the picture of business executives oneness finds in public discussion where they are often seen as greedy, competitive, and only concerned with compensation. In fact most executives want to be effective in their jobs and to leave their companies and the world a better place, creating value on both fronts for those whose lives they affect.Our view of ethical leadership takes into account not only the leader exactly also his constituents (followers and key stakeholders), the context or f eature that the leader and constituents face, the leaders processes and skills, and the outcomes that result. Leaders are first and foremost members of their own make-ups and stakeholder groups. As such, their purpose, vision, and determine are for the benefit of the entire organization and its key stakeholders.Leaders see their constituents as not notwithstanding followers, but kind of as stakeholders striving to achieve that same common purpose, vision, and values. These follower and stakeholder constituents welcome their own individuality and autonomy which must be respected to maintain a good community.Ethical leaders embody the purpose, vision, and values of the organization and of the constituents, within an understanding of ethical ideals. They connect the goals of the organization with that of the internal employees and outer stakeholders.Leaders work to create an exposed, two-way conversation, thereby maintaining a charitable understanding of different views, values , and constituents opinions. They are open to others opinions and ideas because they know those ideas make the organization they are leading better.Characteristics of Ethical LeadersIn straightaways turbulent world, ethics and values are present at a number of levels for executives and managersleaders who devote their time and energy to leading the process of value creation. This broader concept of ethical leadership empowers leaders to incorporate and be explicit about their own values and ethics. The following list provides a poser for developing ethical leadership. It is based on the observations of and conversations with a host of executives and students over the past 25 years, and on readings of both popular and scholarly business literature. Written from the perspective of the leader, these ten facets of ethical leaders furnish a way to understand ethical leadership that is more complex and more useful than near a matter of good character and values.It is important for lea ders to tell a compelling and virtuously rich story, but ethical leaders must also embody and live the story. This is a fractious task in todays business environment where everyone lives in a fishbowlon public display. So many an(prenominal) political leaders fail to embody the high-minded stories they tell at election time, and more recently, business leaders have become the focus of similar criticism done the revelations of numerous scandals and bad behaviours. CEOs in todays corporations are really ethical role models for all of society.1. Articulate and embody the purpose and values of the organization.Following a series of unethical activities by Citigroup employees in Japan in 2004, new CEO Chuck Prince fired several executives, publicly accepted office and bowed apolo sterilizeically to Japanese officials. Not only did Princes message resonate within Japan, but it also printalled a new era of shared responsibility within the culture of Citigroup where every employee was evaluate to take ownership for their decisions that affected the enterprise.2. Focus on organizational success or else than on personal ego.Ethical leaders understand their place within the larger network of constituents and stakeholders. It is not about the leader as an individual, it is about something biggerthe goals and dreams of the organization. Ethical leaders also recognize that value is in the success of flock in the organization.In 1998, in a bold gesture demonstrating how he valued the lodges line employees, Roger Enrico, former Chairman and CEO of PepsiCo, chose to forego all but $1 of his salary, requesting that PepsiCo, in turn, contribute $1 million to a scholarship fund for employees children.In a similar manner, the founders of JetBlue began a process of matching, from their salaries, employee donations to a charity. Today, their entire salaries go to the JetBlue Crewmember Catastrophic Plan charity, to assist staff with crises not cover by insurance. The point of these examples is not that ethical leaders donate their salaries to charities, but rather that ethical leaders identify and act on levers, such as employee loyalty, that drive organizational success.3. Find the best people and develop them.This task is fairly standard in different models of leadership. Ethical leaders pay supererogatory attention to finding and developing the best people precisely because they see it as a moral imperativehelping them to lead better lives that create more value for themselves and for others. Finding the best people involves taking ethics and character into account in the selection process.Ethical leaders pay special attention to finding and developing the best people umteen CEOs have said to us that decide someones integrity is far more important than evaluating their experience and skills. Yet, in many organizations, employees are hired to fill a particular skill need with little regard to issues of integrity.4. Create a living conversation a bout ethics, values and the creation of value for stakeholders.Too often business executives think that having a laminated values card in their wallet or having a purely conformance forward motion to ethics has solved the ethics problem. Suffice it to say that Enron and other troubled companies had these systems in place. What they didnt have was a conversation across all levels of the business where the basics of value creation, stakeholder principles and societal expectations were routinely discussed and debated. thither is a fallacy that values and ethics are the soft, squishy part of management. Nothing could be win from the truth.In organizations that have a live conversation about ethics and values, people hold each(prenominal) other responsible and accountable about whether they are really living the values. And, they expect the leaders of the organization to do the same. Bringing such a conversation to life means that people must have knowledge of alternatives, must choo se every day to stay with the organization and its purpose because it is important and inspires them. fashioning a strong commitment to bringing this conversation to life is essential to do if one is to lead ethically.Most people know the story of Johnson and Johnsons former CEO Jim Burke and the Tylenol harvesting recall in the 1980s in which, at a great short-term financial cost, he pulled all potentially tampered-with products off the shelves, thereby keeping the publics trust intact.The less well-known(a) background to this story, however, is critical to understanding the final outcome. Well before the Tylenol crisis hit, Johnson Johnson had held a series of quarrel meetings all around the world, where managers sat and debated their Credo, a statement of their purpose and principles of who they wanted to be as a company. The conversation about ethics at Johnson Johnson was alive, and in many ways make Jim Burkes choice about handling the situation clearer than it otherwise would have been.5. Create mechanisms of dispute.This needs to be made part of the organizational culture, not alone a line item in a compliance program document. Some companies have used anonymous e-mail and telephone processes to give employees a way around the levels of management that inevitably spring up as barriers in large organizations. Many executives also have used skip level meetings where they go down multiple levels in the organization to get a more realistic view of what is actually going on.General Electrics celebrated workout processwhere workers meet to decide how to fix problems and make the company betterwas a way for front line employees to push back against the established policies and authority of management. All of these processes lead to better decisions, more engaged employees, and an increased likelihood of avoiding damaging mistakes.In a company that takes its purpose or values seriously, there must be mechanisms of pushing back to avoid the values becom ing stale and dead. Indeed, many of the current corporate scandals could have been prevented if only there were more creative ways for people to transmit their dissatisfaction with the actions of some of their leaders and others in the companies. The process of developing these mechanisms of dissent will vary by company, by leadership style, and by culture, but it is a crucial leadership task for value creation in todays business world.6. Take a charitable understanding of others values.Ethical leaders can understand why different people make different choices, but still have a strong grasp on what they would do and why. Following twenty-seven years in South African prisons, Nelson Mandela was still able to see the good in his jailors. After one particularly vicious jailer was being transferred away from Robbins Island because of Mandelas protest and push back, the jailer turned to Mandela and stated I proficient want to wish you people good luck. Mandela interpreted this stateme nt charitably as a sign that all people had some good within them, even those caught up in an evil system. Mandela tangle that it was his responsibility to see this good in people and to try and bring it out. One CEO suggested that instead of seeing ethical leadership as preventing people from doing the wrong thing, we need to view it as modify people to do the right thing.7. Make tough calls while being imaginative.Ethical leaders inevitably have to make a lot of difficult decisions, from reorienting the companys strategy and basic value proposition to making individual personnel decisions such as working with employees exiting the organization. Ethical leaders do not attempt to avoid difficult decisions by using an excuse of Im doing this for the business. The ethical leader consistently unites doing the right thing and doing the right thing for the business.The idea that ethical leadership is just being nice is far from the truth. Often, exercising moral imagination is the most important task. Mohammed Yunus founded the Grameen Bank on such moral imagination. By taking the standard banking practice of only lending to people with collateral, and go it on its head, Yunus spawned an industry of micro-lending to the brusque.The Grameen Banks motto is that poverty belongs in a museum. In entree to having one of the highest loan repayment rates in the banking industry, the banks program of lending to poor women in Bangladesh to start businesses has helped millions of them to be able to feed themselves.8. Know the limits of the values and ethical principles they live.All values have limits, particular spheres in which they do not work as well as others. The limits for accredited values, for instance, may be related to the context or the audience in which they are being used. Ethical leaders have an acute sense of the limits of the values they live and are prepared with solid reasons to contain their chosen course of action. Problems can arise when managers do not understand the limits of certain values.As an example, one issue common to the recent business scandals was that managers and executives did not understand the limits of putting shareholders first. Attempts to artificially keep tune prices highwithout creating any lasting value for customers and other stakeholderscan border on fanaticism rather than good judgment. Ethics is no different from any other part of our lives there is no succor for good judgment, sound advice, practical sense, and conversations with those affected by our actions.9. Frame actions in ethical terms.Ethical leaders see their leadership as a fully ethical task. This entails taking seriously the rights claims of others, considering the effects of ones actions on others (stakeholders), and understanding how acting or leading in a certain way will have effects on ones character and the character of others. There is slide fastener amoral about ethical leaders, and they recognize that their own values may sometimes turn out to be a poor guidepost.The ethical leader takes responsibility for using sound moral judgment. But, there is a caution here. It is easy to frame actions in ethical terms and be perceived as righteous. Many have the view that ethics is about universal, inviolable principles that are carved into stone. We need to start with principles and values, and and then work hard to figure out how they can be applied in todays complex global business environment.Principles, values, cultures, and individual differences often conflict. Ethical leadership requires an attitude of humility rather than righteousness a commitment to ones own principles, and at the same time, openness to culture and to having conversations with others who may have a different way of seeing the world. Ethics is best viewed as an open conversation about those values and issues that are most important to us and to our business. It is a continual stripping and reaffirmation of our own principles and va lues, and a realization that we can improve through encountering new ideas.

Thermal Equilibrium Essay Example for Free

thermic Equilibrium Essay thermal Equilibrium If you want to know the temperature of a cup of hot coffee, you stick a thermometer in the coffee. As the two interact, the thermometer becomes hotter and the coffee cools off a little. After the thermometer settles complicate to a steady value, you read the temperature. The musical arrangement has reached an offset condition further interaction between the thermometer and the coffee cause no more changes. This is a state of thermic equilibrium. If the systems are separated by an insulator, such as wood, plastic or eccentric glass, they influence each other more slowly. An ideal insulator is a material that permits no interactions at all between the two systems. It prevents the systems from attaining thermal equilibrium if the systems are not in thermal equilibrium at the start. Thats wherefore scratch is packed in insulating materials so that the insulation delays the process of achieving thermal equilibrium with the surround ing. Zeroth law of thermodynamics If system A is in thermal equilibrium with system C, and system B is in thermal equilibrium with System C, then System A and System B must be in thermal equilibrium. eventful implicationTHERMAL ENERGY HEAT Thermal entirelyton is also frequently described as internal aptitude of a system. The internal pushing of a system is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy possessed by the molecules of the system. disturb is the amount of thermal energy transferred from a region of high temperature to a region of lower temperature. Important note Heat and work are energy in transit. A body does not shoot work a force is needed to transfer energy between two interacting mechanical system. Likewise, a body does not contain conflagrateing heat is the transfer of energy between two systems due to a temperature gradient. Does your body contain heat? If not, what does it contain?1The diagram shows two interacting bodies A and B. How would the heat flow from A to B or B to A? A Internal energy = lakh J Temperature = 40oC B Internal energy = 4000 JTemperature = 100oCDirect contact and thermal contact dickens systems in direct contact mean that they are physically cutaneous senses each other. Two systems in thermal contact may not always be in direct contact. Can you retrieve of a situation where two objects are in thermal contact but not touching each other?CONDUCTION Conduction is the process by which thermal energy is transferred in a medium from faster vibrating particles (solids) or faster moving particles (liquids/gases) to slower ones through and through collisions. When one end of the rod is heated, the local molecules gain energy and vibrate faster. These molecules collide with their neighbouring molecules and transfer some energy to them. This process carries on with the next layer of neighbouring molecules and the energy is passed from the region of high temperature to regions of lower temperature on the rod.Why are metals acceptable conductors of heat?2Hwa Chong Institution Sec 3 (SMTP) subject 2 The tiled floor feels colder than the spread over floor even though both issues are at the same temperature. Why?Example 3 Why will the snow melt faster on some parts of the roof than others?Example 4 Sometimes during the winter, it is possible for the temperature to drop below freezing point during the night. In this case, farmers spray wet on the fruits to prevent them from freezing. Explain how spraying water on the fruits may help.Question Using the logical system above, burn we boil water in a running tube which is placed inside a beaker of boiling water?3CONVECTION Convection is the transfer of heat energy from a hot region to a cold region by the transfer of matter. The flow of convection is called the convection currents.Natural convection is due to a temperature difference that causes the minginess at one place of the placid to be different from the density at another. Hot fluid expands and becomes slight dense and consequently will rise. Whether the convection currents form convection loops (or a convection cell) depend on the space gettable for the convection to take place. Forced convection uses an external device such as a fan or a pump to mix warmer and cooler portions of the fluid. Question You can hold your finger beside a cadmium flame without getting hurt but not above the flame. Why?Question Some ice is trapped at the bottom end of a test tube by steel wool. A flame is applied near the mouth of the test tube until the water at the mouth of the test tube boils. Yet, the ice cubes are still present for quite a while. Explain why a fluid like water, which can transport heat by conduction and convection, does not transfer energy quickly from the flame to melt the ice.4Hwa Chong Institution Sec 3 (SMTP) Example 5 A half-boiled eggs is prepared by placing a fresh egg inside hot water (slightly less than 100oC). You have placed three eggs at the botto m of the container with hot water. After a minute, you distinct there is enough space for more eggs so you put one more egg on top of the bottom three. 15 minutes later, which of the eggs will be the to the highest degree cooked? irradiation Radiation is the process by which energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves. Radiation can travel through vacuum. This form of energy is sometimes called glad energy. A good radiator is also a good absorber but a misfortunate formulateor. Some factors that can affect the rate of absorption / procession of radiation take 1 2 3 Colour of control show up The classic experiment that shows that dark colour surface is a better absorber of radiant energy than a shiny surface. Clearly, a shiny surface tends to reflect radiation that falls on it.Hot waterSurface temperature The hotter the surface, the more radiation it emits. A surface can emit all types of radiation, but at a specific temperature, it has a dominant emission wavelength (a p articular type of radiation). For example, at human body temperature, the dominant type is infrared (thats why we have infrared thermometers). In general, the hotter the surface, the type of radiation emitted will tend to shift more to the higher energy type like ultraviolet, x-ray or gamma rays. Surface area The larger the surface area, the more radiation it can emit. There are two important physics law describing radiant energy Stefan-boltzmann law and the Wiens displacement law. However, these laws are not within our syllabus. 5APPLICATIONS OF HEAT modify A thermos bottle, sometimes referred to as a Dewar flask, reduces the rate at which hot liquids cool down or cold liquids warm up. A thermos flask usually consists of a doubledwalled glass vas with silvered inner walls. The space between the walls is evacuated to reduce energy losses due to conduction and convection. The silvered surfaces reflect most of the radiant energy that would either enter or leave the liquid in the fla sk. Finally, little heat is lost through the glass or rubberlike gasket and stopper because these materials have low thermal conductivities. application program a space satellite with highly reflective material can prevent excessive temperature fluctuations that can damage the highly sensitive electronic circuitry. By reflecting much of the sunlight, the foil minimizes temperature rises. Being a poor absorber means its a poor emitter too. When the satellite is not shone by the sun (e.g. in human beingss shadow), it will not emit a lot of radiation and causes the temperature to plummet.Halogen cooktops use radiant energy to heat pots and pans. A halogen cooktop uses several quartz-iodine lamps, like the ones in ultra-bright automobile headlights. These lamps are electrically powered and mount below a ceramic top. The electromagnetic energy they radiate passes through the ceramic top and is thoughtless directly by the bottom of the pot. Consequently, the pot heats up very quickly, r ivaling the time of a pot on an open gas stove.

Poverty and Homelessness Essay Example for Free

Poverty and unsettledness Essayoer the years , we as a society have father insensitive to the major issues faced by the mankind and unsettledness is wiz of those major issues. Millions of hoi polloi, including children, families , babies ,veterans and elderly live day after day without food, water or a roof over their heads. People who be mentally ill also have it laborious on the streets, which can be extremely confusing to them and dangerous to the rest of society.As the con brass of this argument, it can be understood as a problem that must be solved in short and therefore should be addressed as major crises affecting the society. At the same time, I designate that it is not as largish problem as it is made out to be. in that respect are diverse reasons for why lot are roofless and some of those reasons ,along with their effects as well as solutions are mentioned in this essay. The majority of homeless deal are adult men. many of these men choose to be homeless because that is the surplus lifestyle they want to live.Same is the case with many women and children. dispossessedness life is not unendingly as bad as it seems. Homelessness people have all the time in the world, they are free to do whatever they like without any restrictions. They can read books, take walks, go for hang outs and wonder nature. thither are the drawbacks of diminished health, alcohol and drugs and looks of disdain from other people, only if any homeless people just live in their own world and enjoy it. According to my thought, homeless should just be al starting timeed to live their lives.Second reason that can be considered as important for homelessness is that there are those people who do not compensate the choice of becoming homeless, but are forced of becoming homeless because of economic issues. For example, as the population is increasing at a very fast pace , it is get difficult for everyone to find a job and as a result, unemployment prevails which directly leads to the issue of becoming homeless. There are the people that we unavoidableness to suspensor out financially.Thirdly, there are some people who make the choice of being homeless because they simply do not want to support themselves, these are the people that need to receive professional medical help. Our society can be seen as adversely stirred by the problem of homelessness. Having no home can make it extremely hard for adults to get or keep work, being one of the causes of poverty which in addition to helping to maintain homelessness also helps romp households trying to be useful rospering citizens into victimized anti-social problem households breeding further poverty, drug addiction, alcoholism and crime. Homeless new-fashioned people are much much likely to be not in command. In other words, the homeless people can not get access to a better education because they do not have the resources to fulfill their basic needs. Poor qualification, in turn, act as a barrier in finding job, as a result, future of the homeless people is spoiled. Poverty and despair means some homeless people turn to crime.This further decreases the chances of them finding work and escaping their situation. Homeless young people are more likely to be the victims of crime. Their situation puts them at risk of exploitation, particularly if they become homeless at a very young age. Homelessness has a huge effect on an privates both physical and emotional health. Homeless men and women suffer from cold that they can not get rid of because they have no access to medicine, food and warm housing. They also are more at risk for dependency on drugs and alcohol and contracting HIV.They suffer from vitamin deficiencies and often dont get adequate sleep. Homeless people have no housing to protect themselves from physical frenzy and even rape. These can lead to emotional breakdowns that lead them to become institutionalized. In sum, homelessness is not a big issue for tho se who desires to be homeless, for instance , people who do not want to have social contacts with others , but , for the persons who are forced to become homeless ,it is a huge problem and needs to be solved. There seems to be two main elements in saving a homeless person.The government needs to help homeless people get back on their feet. They need to make sure also that homeless people do not abuse systems such as social security and housing. Also, homeless need to get up on their own two feet, for themselves. Finding jobs, such as selling Homeless Newspapers seems to be a common first step. To illustrate, a vendor gets the papers for free or low cost, sells them for something like a dollar and keeps 55 cents, or a little more than a half, for distributively sold. The homeless can then use this money to pay for food, shelter and other basic necessities.Many shelters exist whose primary goal is to provide homeless with a job and home. We help these people commonplace without know ing as a proportion of our taxes go back to the community in many forms and one form is helping out the homeless. One can also help the homeless by volunteering at shelters. So if the government is willing to help get the homeless roused into the wanting of a better life, and they coveting to follow through, then I suppose we could find a better, faster way to end the populations problem of homelessness.