Filipino Youth Subjective Well Being

Running Head Y let outh inbred Well-Being Philippine Youth Students ingrained Well-Being Scale Kathlyn go Gabriel Maria Sophie Gatab Kimberly Lagumen Kristin Navalta Abstract The researchers of the limn assume constructed a home base that is intentional to treasure the grokd congenital offbeat of the Filipino youth, and how they ar bear on by the tether factors namely manners satisfaction, detrimental refer and positivistic expunge. The events were constructed establish on the information gathered by the researchers from journals and other sources.The researchers constructed a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale which comprises of 59 full stops and was administered to cc Filipino youth participants. The entropy analysis revealed a Cronbachs alpha of . 895 Filipino Youth inhering well- creation Scale The Filipino youth lose their own way of satisfying their lives and how they will be contented and happy with it. The closely ordinarily holdd questio n probing animatenessspan satisfaction is how meet ar you with your support as a whole at present? any(prenominal) be un authentic with regards to their over totally felicitousness, while some are certain that they are indeed happy and satisfied with their life.In this study, the researchers constructed a 5-point Likert Scale that is designed to measure an individuals perceived level of well- macrocosm. The researchers objective to determine which factor gives stronger influence on the ingrained offbeat of the Filipino youth. Does it follow that Filipino youth with parents are happier than those without? Can the researchers resolve that youth who chose to prepare no social nedeucerks, company, or friends, are l anelier than those with web-like affiliations? These are some of the queries that this research aimed to investigate on. Conceptual Framework vh Figure 1. Filipino Youth Subjective Well-Being Framework Subjective eudaemonia is specify as the individuals current valuation of her happiness. Such an evaluation is often expressed in be activeive term when asked somewhat essential well- being, participants will often say, I olfactory modality superb (Schwartz & Strack, 1999). Measuring plentys life happiness has one that makes life interesting peculiarly when they k right away that they are satisfied with what they palpate. In the present study, the researchers came up with triad sub-factors namely life satisfaction, compulsive affect and damaging affect.They aimed to use these three factors to measure a persons perceived infixed well-being. Also, they were fitted to know how these factors put an effect on the Filipino youth. Affect describes the emotions and feelings of a person base on his or her present life. livelihood satisfaction is how an individual judges his or her overall satisfaction in life (Hoorn, 2007). Life satisfaction is the measure of an individuals perceived level of well-being and happiness. It is a great set assessed in surveys, by asking individuals how satisfied they are with their own lives.Positive and negative affect are both states and traits that bemuse been shown to relate to personalities such as happiness and anxiety. Review of Related Literature Subjective well-being Subjective well-being (SWB) is the scientific name for how heap evaluate their lives in terms of a global conceit (such as satisfaction with ones life and discover of more frequent pleasant emotions as compared to unpleasant emotions (Diener et al. , 1999). SBW is the self-evaluation of life satisfaction (Robbins & Kliewe, 2000, as cited in Vera et al. , 2008) and its cognitive evaluation is measured through and through judgments of life satisfaction.Meanwhile, affective components are measured by assessing the frequency of the particular of pleasant and unpleasant emotions. Life Satisfaction This obligate waits into the situation of raft with spinal cord injury during acute refilling and 3 months a fterwards discharge. The participants were assessed on how they can scale their life satisfaction during rehabilitation. The hypothesis of this study is that greater benefit purpose, hope, and absolute affect will be tie in to greater life satisfaction both during the initial acute rehabilitation period as well as 3 months post discharge.It was stated that spinal cord injury (SCI) can result to life changes. diminish rates of returning to work (Schonherr, Groothoff, Mulder, & Eisma, 2005), poorer life satisfaction, rock-bottom life participation, decreased independence, decreased community integration (Charlifue & Gerhart, 2004), and increased psychological distress withdraw all been found to occur in this population. There were eighty-seven adults who were act in in-patient acute rehabilitation for spinal cord injury in two metropolitan hospitals completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale.The results revealed initial adjudge for facilitators shimmering an important role i n life satisfaction, which facilitators contribute unambiguously at 3-month follow up. In summary, the results provide support for a prophetic relationship in the midst of facilitator variable, life satisfactions for individuals with acute SCI. These findings suggest that facilitators potentially play a strong role in the rehabilitation patients subjective well being and provide potential avenues for interventions that could be proactively employ to facilitate optimistic outcomes.According to the hold about science of happiness, people constitute their different opinion on how they live their life but most people are not contended on it. According to the Subjective- well being (SWB), defines as an indicator of peoples happiness on how they rated their life as worth- living and on how people funding on to accomplish satisfaction in their lives. Another idea of what constitutes a good life, however, is that it is suitable for people themselves to ring that they are living goo d lives (Diener, 2000).Our study concerns college students on how they rated their subjective well-being, since one of the sources of peoples subjective well-being is based on their self-fulfillment. Based on the article it was said that presents means from an world(prenominal) college sample of 7,204 resolveents signified how students view happiness. These people asked the experimenter on how they often think about SWB and how important their SWB is for them. The results revealed that scores of the participants has a greater effect when it comes to rank their happiness.It was also revealed that it has a significant effect when it comes to their life satisfaction. The result revealed that people still wants to satisfy their lives and that they are busy finding their own happiness in life, and their basic and material unavoidably come second to finding their own happiness. They give importance to their fulfillments, dreams and happiness. Diener and Fujita (1995) mentioned that pe ople measure their subjected well-being (SWB) based on their physiologic attributes, their capability to make friends, do employment, and have amatory relationships and to generally feel empowered.A person with money should not hardly be better able to meet his or her basic forcible needs but also should be able to develop his or her talents, have more choices in terms of recreation. The co variation of resources such as money, family support, social skills, and intelligence with subjective well-being (SWB) was assessed in 222 college students (110 men and 112 women) in Midwestern University. The resources found in SWB are material, social, or personal characteristics that a person possesses that he or she can use to make make headway toward her or his personal goals.Resources can be external possessions (e. g. , money), social roles (e. g. , being a chairperson), and personal characteristics (e. g. , intelligence). The experimenters used a Life Scale, and a summate of intere sting findings emerged from this study. First, SWB, as measured by different methods, formed powerfully convergent factors. Second, family and friends rated the target participants as above total on e rattling single resource. Third, there are certain resources that are prominently envisioned in the media as being very important to happiness (e. g. money, physical attractiveness, and material possessions). They theorized that those assets are associate to SWB insofar as they help individuals realize states they desire. To the extent that people differ in their desires and the resources they use to attain those desires, the cause of particular assets on SWB will differ from person to person. Happiness is a common goal toward which people strive, but for many it remains frustratingly out of reach (Buss, 2000). It was said that the best things in life are turn but it was not stated how we can get them.Gaining happiness is grueling to attain, and eagerness to gain happiness can f rustrate people. In this article it was stated how people desire to feel happy. These include the desire to be successful, to have a good life, to have friends who never let them atomic pile and to gain such confidence to overcome life. When a people gain these desires, it can make them feel complete and satisfied. We as researchers conclude that fulfilling ones desire can make a person satisfied and happy. Affect Positive affectNumerous studies show that happy individuals are successful across multiple life domains, including marriage, friendship, income, work performance, and health because of positive emotions (Diener, King, & Lyubomirsky, 2005). The researchers suggested that happiness is associate to success not only because success breeds happiness, but also because positive affect causes success (Diener, 2005). This study implies that success of happy people rests on 2 factors one is that because happy people frequently experience positive emotions (positive affect), which makes them more likely to strive towards new goals while experiencing those emotions.Second is that people possesses skills and resources, which they have developed in the past while experiencing positive emotions. This study implies that positive affect is a factor for a persons subjective well-being (happiness) which leads to the success of the person. In a study of Myers (2000), predictors of subjective well-being are revealed, which all involves positive emotions. Ed Diener (as cited in Myers, 2000) measured the subjective well-being of over 1. 1 million people over 45 nations through administering a survey.Results revealed that people who reported that they are happy exitmed to look happy to their family members and close friends. The result of their daily mood ratings revealed positive emotions as well. Depressed people reported to have negative emotions and that they are less(prenominal) healthy, physically and emotionally, than those who reported to be happy. Overall, this article shows that emotions affect how people perceive themselves (and how they are perceived by others) in terms of their subjective well-being.Caprara and Stecas (2005) study suggests that there are two main components of subjective well-being first, an individuals evaluation of life satisfaction according to subjectively determined standards, and second, the predominance of positive affect over negative affect (Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999, as cited in Caprara & Steca, 2005). Caprara (2005) suggested that life satisfaction, self-esteem and optimism are components of subjective well-being, and all together these three shares a common dimension called positive idea.However, positive thinking is more stable overtime and holds stronger relations with a variety of other indicators of well-being when compared to life satisfaction, self-esteem, and optimism (Caprara & Steca, 2004, as cited in Caprara & Steca 2005). In the work of Bradburn (as cited in Caprara & Steca, 2005), the dominance of positive emotional experiences over negative ones was stated as a core dimension of subjective well-being. by and by studies led to the suggestion that positive and negative affect are nonparasitic dimensions.As they are experienced in different life situations, the distinction between positive and negative affect are ought to be affective components of subjective well-being (Diener, 2000 Diener & Emmons, 1984 Diener, Smith, & Fujita, 1995 Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999 Zevon & Tellegen, 1982, as cited in Diener & Steca, 2005) Positive emotions signify that life is press release well, the persons goals are being met, and resources are adequate (Clore, Wyer, Dienes, Gasper, & Isbell, 2001).The characteristics related to positive affect include confidence, optimism, and self-efficacy likability and positive view of others sociability, activity, and energetic. Positive emotions discover the tendency to approach rather than to avoid and to prepare the individual to explore out and undertake new goals. In this journal research raise supports the notion that it is the amount of time that people experience positive affect that defines happiness. They also identify happy individuals as those who experience high up average levels of positive affect.In summary, their review of the cross-sectional empirical literature suggests that happiness is positively correlated. Their examination of the cross-sectional correlational literature thus far suggests that high subjective well-being is related to positive outcomes in many areas of life, which is brought by positive affect. Negative Affect In the article Happiness and uninventive Thinking in Social Judgment, the role of happiness and stereotyping in students perceptions and judgments and how either negative or positive emotions affect someones judgments are examined.The article hypothesized that if people felt happy, the tendency would be that the judgment would be positive, and when a persons mood i s angry or sad the reaction would be negative. It was also stated that negative affect is the fuel for the fire of prejudice and stereotyping (Bodenhausen, Kramer Susser, 1994, as cited in OBrien, 2008). In this study, the participants were 94 undergraduate students (21 men and 73 women). At first the experimenter explained about recalling their happy memories to set their mood and after that they were asked to read a case. afterwards that, they were asked to respond prior to reading it. The results yielded that person who have negative mood reception into the case more stereotypic comparable to the happy subjects in the present experiments. These findings collectively suggest that introductory views about the connections between affect and stereotyping have been proven. We, as the researchers conclude that if people have negative feelings (sadness, anger or depression) the tendency is that they may respond to an object or situation negatively contrasting to the person who has po sitive affect.People who have a feeling that theyre losing living their life or life is pretty hard for them feel negative emotions such as anxiety, sadness, anger, depression, or guilt etc. These affects make them feel that theyre not living their life worthy and contended. This article entitled Origins and Functions of Positive and Negative Affect A Control-Process View secern both affect as either positive or negative. just we the researchers would like to focus more on the negative affect. It was said that, when situations are unfavorable, people have negative feelingsanxiety, dysphoria, or despair (Carver Scheier, 1990).That people who are in bad mood tend to view life negatively and being in a bad mood makes people see things negatively as well. Method point Selection and Construction In constructing the Filipino Youth Subjective Well-Being Scale, the researchers had come up with two dimensions life satisfaction and affect (positive, negative). Each sub factor consist 20 q uestions. The researchers gathered data from supporting journals on constructing each item. After constructing the items, the researchers had it evaluated by a professional.After the evaluation, the researchers constructed the items into a questionnaire. Data gathering The researchers administered the test online to c participants and a hard copy of the test to another 100 participants, totaling to 200 participants with a mean age of 19. 12. The participants came from different schools such as Miriam College, St. capital of Minnesota University, University of the East, T. I. P, La Consolacion College, Far Eastern University, San Beda College, Centro Escolar University, ISCHAM, Polytechnic University of the Philippines and University of the Philippines.Data digest The researchers came up with the decision that some of the items would be revised because other statistical reliability analyses of these items are still acceptable. Table. 1 Retained pointednesss Items QuestionCorrected Item-Total correlational statisticsCronbachs Alpha if Item Deleted 1. I love spending time with my family. 457. 892 4. I wassail being with my friends. 390. 893 6. I spend my time in doing things that really interest me .377 .893 7. I have a good grades at school. 292. 894 8. I am very passionate in everything I do. 392. 893 9. I do the things that I enjoy everyday. 46. 892 10. At the end of the day I am satisfied with what I have done . 495 .891 11. I am happy in my life right now. 494. 891 14. I always get what I want in my life to satisfy my need/s . 255 .894 15. I have obliging more in my life, than other people . 208 .894 18. My life has a meaning. 420. 892 20. Life is full of adventure. 438. 892 21. I feel loved by my family and friends. 596. 891 22. I feel that all my friends worrys for me . 496. 892 23. My family and friends are afraid of losing me. 519. 891 24. I am satisfied with the activities that I do .553 .891 25.I feel energetic. 417. 892 26. I enjoy my physical education class. 129. 896 27. I am happy with my daily routine. 499. 891 28. I am in good spirit. 507. 891 29. I am hardly ever angry. 182. 895 30. I feel satisfied. 573. 891 31. I am proud when I accomplish something. 450. 892 32. I can deal with my problems. 497. 892 33. I feel so inspired. 497. 891 34. I am so alive. 618. 890 35. I accept myself for who I am. 535. 891 36. I am a strong person. 459. 892 37. I accept all criticism with respect. 416. 892 38. I am willing to spring up and learn from my mistakes. 449. 892 39.My friends always compliment that I am a satisfied person . 354 .893 40. I am able to elapse my calm in complicated situations .327 .893 41. I enjoy doing risky things. 075. 896 Table. 2 Reversed Items Item QuestionCorrected Item-Total CorrelationCronbachs Alpha if Item Deleted 12. I find myself lonely sometimes .267 .894 16. I am not happy with my disposition in my life. 402. 892 43. I keep distance from others .260 .894 48. Ive been in trouble with the school policies .252 .894 56. I have tried to hurt or kill myself .318 .893 58. I am not interested in having close friends .367 .893 44.When I am stressed, I get paranoid or just black out . 225 .895 47. My friends recoil that I do not keep my commitments .225 .895 50. I often curio who I really am .364 .893 51. Others consider me as moody or hot tempered .320 .893 54. I get into a lot of physical fights .332 .893 42. Some people are jealous of me. 080. 896 52. I find it uncorrectable to start something if I have to do it by myself. 283. 894 53. Others will use what I tell them against me. 344. 893 59. I never forget or liberate those who do me wrong .145 .896 60. When alone, I feel helpless and unable to care for my self . 295 894 19. I feel anxious about the future without acute why. 115. 896 45. I avoid working with others who criticize me. 138. 896 46. I cant make decisions without the advice or reassurance of others . 227 .894 49. I make friends with other people only when I am sure that they like me .101 .896 55.I fear losing the support of my friends if I disagree with them . 143 .896 57. I use my looks to get the attention that I need. 125. 896 2. No one listens to me. 458. 892 13. Sometimes, I feel like a failure. 442. 892 3. I do not live with my own family. 226. 894 17. I used to enjoy life, now I dont. 54. 890 The items seen in Table 2 were reversed because of the contrast of the statistical results. The items were consistent to be advance low in the item analysis that it might not be measuring the characteristics of Subjective Well-Being. The examiners considered to keep the items reversed as reliable, because it measures what it intends to measure. Table. 3 Dropped Item 5. My friends influence the way I see life .028 .895 The item seen in Table. 3 is dropped item, because the Corrected Item-Total Correlation scored low from the limit that was considered to be acceptable.Even if the item was revised the score of this item is still low. The examin ers believed that if the item above is still included in the utmost items it will affect the reliability of the scale. The item was consistent to be scoring low in the item analysis that it might not be measuring the characteristics of a well-being of a person. Discussion The table on a lower floor shows the reliability statistics of the scale when item 5 was deleted.Having a result of (. 90 above) made the agent good and can be an ideal instrument for a longitudinal study. The finding indicates that Subjective Well-Being scale measures what it intends to measure even though there are many factors to be considered. Moreover, the researchers constituted that the scores of SWB scale were on the right track to be as sensitive as it can be to measure a scale of Subjective Well-Being. An item was deleted to make the Cronbachs Aplha increase. Now, having 59 items in the scale, with the previous item deleted, the Cronbachs Alpha was increased to . 95 which is an indication of a higher r eliability as shown in Figure 2.