Concentric eyewall cycles (or eyewall replacement cycle ) naturally occur in intense tropic cyclones, major hurricanes (winds: 50 m/s, one C kt, 115 mph) or Catories 3, 4, and 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale. As tropical cyclones reach this threshold of intensity, they usually - but not ever so - have an eyewall and radius of maximum winds that contract to a rattling small size, around 10 to 25 km [5 to 15 mi]. At this point, some of the satellite rainbands may organize into an outmost ring of thunderstorms that slowly moves inward and robs the inside(a) eyewall of its needed moisture and momentum. During this phase, the tropical cyclone is weakening (i.e. the maximum winds die off a bit and the central pressure goes up). Eventually the outer eyewall replaces the inner one completely and the storm can be the resembling intensity as it was previously or, in some cases, eve stronger. A concentric eyewall cycle occurred in Hurricane Andrew (1992) before landfall near Miami: a strong intensity was reached, an outer eyewall formed, this contracted in concert with a pronounced weakening of the storm, and as the outer eyewall completely replaced the original one the hurricane reintensified.
Another example is Hurricane Allen (1980) which went by repeated eyewall replacement cycles -- going from Categrory 5 to Category 3 status several times.
It was the discovery of concentric eyewall cycles that was triggerially creditworthy for the end of the U.S. Governementss hurricane modification experiment Project STORMFURY, since what the scientists had hoped to produce by seeding was happening frequently as a natural part of hurricane dynamics.
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