Interpellation, according to Althusser, is a hailing by social ideologies that form individuals into subjects by forcing social identities upon them. This primarily occurs through Ideological province Apparatuses (ISA), including the family, pedagogy and mass media. It is through these ISAs that people are given two a sense of identity and an understanding of reality.
ideology, for Althusser represents the imaginary alliance of individuals to their real conditions of existence (cited in Stevenson 1995: 37). Ideology transforms human beings into subjects, leading them to enamor themselves as self-determining agents when they are in fact shaped by ideological processes.
This ideology comes almost exclusively from Ideological State Apparatuses. These are institutions that, according to Althusser, interpellate individuals into either the bourgeoisie (ruling class) or the proletariat. Ideology acts or functions in such a room that it recruits subjects among the individuals (it recruits them all), or transforms the individuals into subjects (it transforms them all) by that very precise operation which I have called interpellation or hailing, and which can be imagined along the lines of the most commonplace everyday police (or other) hailing: Hey, you there! (Althusser, Ideology and ideological state apparatuses, 1971) The fact that we do not cut this as being ideological shows the power of ideology.
It is so indwelling in us that we cannot see it unless we are knowledgeable most it.
Althusser emphasizes that the process of interpellation allows the existing power structure of capitalistic society to maintain its domination over the general universe without resorting to violence or force. Interpellation occurs in subtle ship canal through the workings of what Althusser calls Ideological State Apparatuses, including official burnish and such specific institutions as churches and schools, though it is constantly support up by the physical force represented by the Repressive State Apparatus of the police...
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